1 00:00:07,000 --> 00:00:10,840 we're good now dragging the car 2 00:00:21,869 --> 00:00:30,939 you know those secrets that they say the 3 00:00:24,279 --> 00:00:33,269 secret machine can read everything all 4 00:00:30,939 --> 00:00:33,270 right we ready 5 00:00:45,660 --> 00:00:50,919 so Brian's going to give a talk about 6 00:00:47,890 --> 00:00:59,220 docsis now so so please welcome Brian 7 00:00:50,920 --> 00:01:01,930 and and here you go how's it going guys 8 00:00:59,220 --> 00:01:06,160 all right so my name is Brian Wilson I 9 00:01:01,930 --> 00:01:08,260 handled his slim jim 100 actually worked 10 00:01:06,160 --> 00:01:11,410 for this company but here on my own 11 00:01:08,260 --> 00:01:12,700 recognizance so the group I'm with is 12 00:01:11,410 --> 00:01:14,560 middle Georgia computer users group 13 00:01:12,700 --> 00:01:17,020 we're actually in the process of opening 14 00:01:14,560 --> 00:01:27,330 a hacker space here shortly and making 15 00:01:17,020 --> 00:01:30,340 is a not getting high I can hear me okay 16 00:01:27,330 --> 00:01:32,110 so I'm part of computer middle Georgia 17 00:01:30,340 --> 00:01:33,940 computer users group we're out of a 18 00:01:32,110 --> 00:01:35,740 middle Georgia probably best thing to 19 00:01:33,940 --> 00:01:37,960 say it's making area about 80 miles 20 00:01:35,740 --> 00:01:41,110 south of here here shortly we're going 21 00:01:37,960 --> 00:01:44,649 to be working right now on opening up a 22 00:01:41,110 --> 00:01:50,770 hacker space so the web address for that 23 00:01:44,650 --> 00:01:52,600 is techno dorg thank you and like i said 24 00:01:50,770 --> 00:01:55,420 uh we got that land party we're going to 25 00:01:52,600 --> 00:01:57,490 be hosting april second and third in 26 00:01:55,420 --> 00:01:58,720 macon so you know the website and go 27 00:01:57,490 --> 00:02:02,080 there and check it out the information 28 00:01:58,720 --> 00:02:04,330 on that so today I want to just go over 29 00:02:02,080 --> 00:02:06,100 some of the basics of what docsis 30 00:02:04,330 --> 00:02:08,440 protocol is and how it interacts with 31 00:02:06,100 --> 00:02:11,680 the seams yes so how many of you here 32 00:02:08,440 --> 00:02:14,170 have a cable modem at home just about 33 00:02:11,680 --> 00:02:15,880 everybody all right so a few of you 34 00:02:14,170 --> 00:02:17,500 probably have dsl and maybe some of you 35 00:02:15,880 --> 00:02:20,890 have fiber to the home hopefully 36 00:02:17,500 --> 00:02:22,990 nobody's in dial-up so doctors the 37 00:02:20,890 --> 00:02:24,250 protocol your cable modem uses to 38 00:02:22,990 --> 00:02:26,410 communicate over the radio frequency 39 00:02:24,250 --> 00:02:28,569 let's get back to the cable companies 40 00:02:26,410 --> 00:02:32,109 head in for them to provide the ISP 41 00:02:28,569 --> 00:02:34,989 services for you it's very need a 42 00:02:32,110 --> 00:02:36,880 high-level look at it so we're looking 43 00:02:34,990 --> 00:02:38,709 at now is we're looking at the cable 44 00:02:36,880 --> 00:02:39,910 broadband architecture and we're going 45 00:02:38,709 --> 00:02:41,170 to look at in a few different ways and 46 00:02:39,910 --> 00:02:42,310 there's gonna be some you know simpler 47 00:02:41,170 --> 00:02:44,440 ways then we get little more advanced 48 00:02:42,310 --> 00:02:47,400 looking at it but as you can see on the 49 00:02:44,440 --> 00:02:50,170 slides there you've got the Internet 50 00:02:47,400 --> 00:02:53,799 cloud over here then you have the 51 00:02:50,170 --> 00:02:55,298 service provider IP core network within 52 00:02:53,799 --> 00:02:56,680 that network that connects them into the 53 00:02:55,299 --> 00:02:58,569 sea mts came 54 00:02:56,680 --> 00:03:00,670 transmission system which is a big 55 00:02:58,569 --> 00:03:02,890 router and then from there it actually 56 00:03:00,670 --> 00:03:07,078 goes out over the optical plant 57 00:03:02,890 --> 00:03:09,309 eventually to call actual RF plant and 58 00:03:07,079 --> 00:03:10,540 if we're really lucky we'll get it to a 59 00:03:09,310 --> 00:03:12,489 drop and then we'll take it into your 60 00:03:10,540 --> 00:03:15,159 house from there it'll plug into your 61 00:03:12,489 --> 00:03:17,379 modem set-top box emta whatever services 62 00:03:15,159 --> 00:03:19,328 you subscribe to we're focusing on the 63 00:03:17,379 --> 00:03:20,768 cable modem here today and we're going 64 00:03:19,329 --> 00:03:22,329 to go over to how docsis works and how 65 00:03:20,769 --> 00:03:25,599 to interaction the CMT s and kind of go 66 00:03:22,329 --> 00:03:32,139 to the very basics has anybody heard of 67 00:03:25,599 --> 00:03:40,089 docsis before now okay if anybody has a 68 00:03:32,139 --> 00:03:41,349 question any point in time just know he 69 00:03:40,090 --> 00:03:43,629 asked if I was going to talk about cable 70 00:03:41,349 --> 00:03:45,849 modem and capping uncapping hacking or 71 00:03:43,629 --> 00:03:46,899 anything else like that no I won't talk 72 00:03:45,849 --> 00:03:52,869 about that because that's pretty much 73 00:03:46,900 --> 00:03:56,109 that to service so it's illegal probably 74 00:03:52,870 --> 00:03:57,819 not i can tell you i could probably tell 75 00:03:56,109 --> 00:04:00,129 you that anything you do in a docsis 76 00:03:57,819 --> 00:04:03,638 network because it's an RF signature can 77 00:04:00,129 --> 00:04:06,909 be tracked so as anonymous as you think 78 00:04:03,639 --> 00:04:09,760 you might be with the RF spectrum and 79 00:04:06,909 --> 00:04:12,129 information timing offset of the actual 80 00:04:09,760 --> 00:04:13,540 decibel level of your device I could 81 00:04:12,129 --> 00:04:16,269 probably track you down within 50 feet 82 00:04:13,540 --> 00:04:17,529 on the cable plant of where you're at so 83 00:04:16,269 --> 00:04:20,019 even if you were to clone somebody 84 00:04:17,529 --> 00:04:22,330 else's information and show up somewhere 85 00:04:20,019 --> 00:04:24,729 else in town and master it is them doing 86 00:04:22,330 --> 00:04:27,490 bad things we can still find out exactly 87 00:04:24,729 --> 00:04:29,469 where you're at and it's instantaneous 88 00:04:27,490 --> 00:04:31,810 we just have to do some basic formulas 89 00:04:29,470 --> 00:04:33,759 to figure out timing offset from fiber 90 00:04:31,810 --> 00:04:36,190 optic to co actual and then where the 91 00:04:33,759 --> 00:04:38,860 tap losses and I can usually get with it 92 00:04:36,190 --> 00:04:47,610 about 50 feet of where you're at and if 93 00:04:38,860 --> 00:04:47,610 that's in a building yeah yes I do yes 94 00:04:48,909 --> 00:04:55,009 ok so for Cisco Systems I'm a network 95 00:04:51,889 --> 00:04:57,969 consulting engineer title pretty much 96 00:04:55,009 --> 00:05:01,310 says it all I support major cable ISPs 97 00:04:57,969 --> 00:05:02,509 my side is a consultant is I could 98 00:05:01,310 --> 00:05:05,330 actually I don't even necessarily have 99 00:05:02,509 --> 00:05:08,210 to recommend cisco gear when the when 100 00:05:05,330 --> 00:05:10,128 the customer engages my team we are 101 00:05:08,210 --> 00:05:12,169 advocates of the customer so we are 102 00:05:10,129 --> 00:05:14,419 their consultant though we you know we 103 00:05:12,169 --> 00:05:15,710 do work for a vendor our job is to make 104 00:05:14,419 --> 00:05:17,000 sure their life is easier and they have 105 00:05:15,710 --> 00:05:19,460 the right solutions in their network not 106 00:05:17,000 --> 00:05:21,050 necessarily buying this or that but is 107 00:05:19,460 --> 00:05:22,609 this what you need and how is it BES 108 00:05:21,050 --> 00:05:28,849 implemented to your network to help you 109 00:05:22,610 --> 00:05:31,280 make money so what is docsis docsis is 110 00:05:28,849 --> 00:05:33,919 table of data over cable service 111 00:05:31,280 --> 00:05:35,869 interface specification it was created 112 00:05:33,919 --> 00:05:38,060 by cable labs cablelabs is a nonprofit 113 00:05:35,870 --> 00:05:39,460 research and design custodian dedicated 114 00:05:38,060 --> 00:05:41,690 to pursuing new cable technologies 115 00:05:39,460 --> 00:05:43,219 CableLabs was created by the cable 116 00:05:41,690 --> 00:05:44,599 companies they didn't want proprietary 117 00:05:43,219 --> 00:05:46,610 expensive gear that they couldn't get 118 00:05:44,599 --> 00:05:49,639 out of so they pulled together the big 119 00:05:46,610 --> 00:05:52,370 guys and they basically formed CableLabs 120 00:05:49,639 --> 00:05:55,009 a nonprofit organization then the 121 00:05:52,370 --> 00:05:56,900 vendors have to if they want to be 122 00:05:55,009 --> 00:05:58,580 docsis compliant they have to go in and 123 00:05:56,900 --> 00:06:00,020 work with cable apps to get their 124 00:05:58,580 --> 00:06:01,818 equipment certified once their equipment 125 00:06:00,020 --> 00:06:04,729 in your technology certified any member 126 00:06:01,819 --> 00:06:06,319 or vendor the alice is also in that the 127 00:06:04,729 --> 00:06:09,139 cable abs group has access to that 128 00:06:06,319 --> 00:06:10,639 information patent free so that keeps 129 00:06:09,139 --> 00:06:13,430 costs down and actually allows you to 130 00:06:10,639 --> 00:06:15,409 have a forty dollar modem which when you 131 00:06:13,430 --> 00:06:17,349 look at the chipset the information all 132 00:06:15,409 --> 00:06:19,849 the actual hardware that's in there if 133 00:06:17,349 --> 00:06:22,128 it was proprietary it probably would 134 00:06:19,849 --> 00:06:23,900 have cost about seven hundred bucks so 135 00:06:22,129 --> 00:06:26,089 with having CableLabs it keeps costs 136 00:06:23,900 --> 00:06:28,878 down and it keeps things open and it is 137 00:06:26,089 --> 00:06:30,680 an open standard with what they write a 138 00:06:28,879 --> 00:06:32,300 lot of stuff that probably wants you to 139 00:06:30,680 --> 00:06:33,860 become a member or sign into to get some 140 00:06:32,300 --> 00:06:35,270 of the information but if you're really 141 00:06:33,860 --> 00:06:37,339 interested in docsis and you want to 142 00:06:35,270 --> 00:06:39,109 know all the information about it 143 00:06:37,339 --> 00:06:43,729 bit-level the information is available 144 00:06:39,110 --> 00:06:45,289 out there so docsis defines the 145 00:06:43,729 --> 00:06:46,580 interface requirements for cable modems 146 00:06:45,289 --> 00:06:48,310 involved in high-speed data distribution 147 00:06:46,580 --> 00:06:51,430 over cable television system networks 148 00:06:48,310 --> 00:06:53,690 basically it makes your cable modem work 149 00:06:51,430 --> 00:06:54,529 so second ago we looked at a cable TV 150 00:06:53,690 --> 00:06:56,209 plant well now we're going to take them 151 00:06:54,529 --> 00:06:57,909 to the look at it and this time we're 152 00:06:56,209 --> 00:07:02,560 looking at in a little bigger view 153 00:06:57,910 --> 00:07:04,960 so they're okay my mouth shows up 154 00:07:02,560 --> 00:07:07,270 alright so here you would see like the 155 00:07:04,960 --> 00:07:09,239 intended would represent off air video 156 00:07:07,270 --> 00:07:11,469 transmissions local TV channels 157 00:07:09,240 --> 00:07:13,240 sometimes your your cable company may 158 00:07:11,470 --> 00:07:14,860 not have a direct fiber feed to get the 159 00:07:13,240 --> 00:07:17,470 video stream in so they may actually put 160 00:07:14,860 --> 00:07:18,700 up a set of bunny ears on a little tower 161 00:07:17,470 --> 00:07:19,960 out there and actually pull the signal 162 00:07:18,700 --> 00:07:22,150 in that way to inject it into the 163 00:07:19,960 --> 00:07:24,310 channel lineup they're also going to be 164 00:07:22,150 --> 00:07:26,560 pulling out services off of large-scale 165 00:07:24,310 --> 00:07:29,080 satellites and those are going to be 166 00:07:26,560 --> 00:07:30,700 services your HBO ESPN CN you know all 167 00:07:29,080 --> 00:07:32,560 this all the services they offer you 168 00:07:30,700 --> 00:07:33,640 they're not locally made there from all 169 00:07:32,560 --> 00:07:34,810 over the place there other you know 170 00:07:33,640 --> 00:07:37,000 other broadcasters and they're going to 171 00:07:34,810 --> 00:07:37,990 collect those off the satellite once 172 00:07:37,000 --> 00:07:40,210 they get those they're going to bring 173 00:07:37,990 --> 00:07:42,130 them in through fiber and eventually go 174 00:07:40,210 --> 00:07:43,479 into what's called a head in the local 175 00:07:42,130 --> 00:07:45,610 headed is where all the equipment is 176 00:07:43,480 --> 00:07:46,830 that's where the channel lineups at 177 00:07:45,610 --> 00:07:49,330 that's really why you're combining 178 00:07:46,830 --> 00:07:52,539 that's where your transmitters your 179 00:07:49,330 --> 00:07:54,190 optical transmitters are because for the 180 00:07:52,540 --> 00:07:56,410 cable company to provide services see 181 00:07:54,190 --> 00:07:58,120 you in the modern day environment they 182 00:07:56,410 --> 00:07:59,830 actually send all the information down 183 00:07:58,120 --> 00:08:01,210 fiber all the way up into your 184 00:07:59,830 --> 00:08:04,180 neighborhood into what's called a node 185 00:08:01,210 --> 00:08:07,270 the node if transfers the optical signal 186 00:08:04,180 --> 00:08:09,280 back into an RF technology and that's 187 00:08:07,270 --> 00:08:14,409 usually between 5 and 11 megahertz and 188 00:08:09,280 --> 00:08:16,900 our gigahertz so within this diagram 189 00:08:14,410 --> 00:08:18,550 here we use to the local head in you see 190 00:08:16,900 --> 00:08:21,940 the symbol for a router you've got 191 00:08:18,550 --> 00:08:25,330 receivers modulator scramblers hfc 192 00:08:21,940 --> 00:08:28,990 interface which is hybrid Co actual 193 00:08:25,330 --> 00:08:30,280 fiber you've got the local head in and 194 00:08:28,990 --> 00:08:32,169 then from there you go to downstream and 195 00:08:30,280 --> 00:08:34,718 upstream in this case they're doing 196 00:08:32,169 --> 00:08:38,978 actual these are going to be separate 197 00:08:34,719 --> 00:08:40,150 optical fiber paths once you get from 198 00:08:38,979 --> 00:08:41,919 the optical fiber paps you eventually 199 00:08:40,150 --> 00:08:43,750 get to the dark blue line here and that 200 00:08:41,919 --> 00:08:45,220 would be the hardline coax thats hanging 201 00:08:43,750 --> 00:08:47,500 on the telephone pole not the skinny 202 00:08:45,220 --> 00:08:50,380 stuff in your house with a much more 203 00:08:47,500 --> 00:08:51,610 robust aluminum fed eventually that gets 204 00:08:50,380 --> 00:08:53,620 broken down through amps and line 205 00:08:51,610 --> 00:08:54,880 extenders it gets stuck to the side of 206 00:08:53,620 --> 00:08:56,800 your house at the audit box and then 207 00:08:54,880 --> 00:09:02,050 from there it goes in the rg59 cable you 208 00:08:56,800 --> 00:09:03,819 know that you have your walls down yet 209 00:09:02,050 --> 00:09:07,630 again another demonstration of the same 210 00:09:03,820 --> 00:09:08,920 basic diagram and a different format and 211 00:09:07,630 --> 00:09:10,630 what we're trying to pretty much 212 00:09:08,920 --> 00:09:11,500 represent here is you see the head and 213 00:09:10,630 --> 00:09:13,780 you also have what's called 214 00:09:11,500 --> 00:09:15,690 sites so that's going to be another site 215 00:09:13,780 --> 00:09:17,560 similar to the head in that maybe closer 216 00:09:15,690 --> 00:09:19,210 geographically to where the customers 217 00:09:17,560 --> 00:09:21,040 are going to be serviced and then the 218 00:09:19,210 --> 00:09:23,050 signals may actually leave their 219 00:09:21,040 --> 00:09:24,819 optically before they going before going 220 00:09:23,050 --> 00:09:26,790 to coax and then these little things 221 00:09:24,820 --> 00:09:29,080 here no these are actually fibers strand 222 00:09:26,790 --> 00:09:30,819 about the size of a shoebox their pole 223 00:09:29,080 --> 00:09:33,850 mounted or their pedestals on the ground 224 00:09:30,820 --> 00:09:35,740 and you know that's that's we get that 225 00:09:33,850 --> 00:09:37,540 and then awesome the outside cable plant 226 00:09:35,740 --> 00:09:39,190 you're going to have power supplies 227 00:09:37,540 --> 00:09:40,870 every so often so it's going to be a big 228 00:09:39,190 --> 00:09:43,150 box of hanging up on the telephone pole 229 00:09:40,870 --> 00:09:44,590 or in a pedestal aground when they myth 230 00:09:43,150 --> 00:09:46,510 inside those there's car batteries and 231 00:09:44,590 --> 00:09:47,890 that's they get local power from the 232 00:09:46,510 --> 00:09:51,340 power company but they have a battery 233 00:09:47,890 --> 00:09:54,220 backup in the event local powers lost so 234 00:09:51,340 --> 00:09:56,260 even when the power goes out nine times 235 00:09:54,220 --> 00:09:58,540 out of ten your cable TV is not down you 236 00:09:56,260 --> 00:10:00,700 just can't turn your TV on so if you 237 00:09:58,540 --> 00:10:02,410 have MTA voice services to your cable 238 00:10:00,700 --> 00:10:04,300 provider so if you have a voice enabled 239 00:10:02,410 --> 00:10:06,579 cable modem a lot of those will have a 240 00:10:04,300 --> 00:10:08,439 battery backup in it reason being is 241 00:10:06,580 --> 00:10:10,390 just because the power went out it 242 00:10:08,440 --> 00:10:13,210 doesn't mean the cable TV networks down 243 00:10:10,390 --> 00:10:15,430 you can still make phone calls most 244 00:10:13,210 --> 00:10:17,230 models of the emta devices will shut off 245 00:10:15,430 --> 00:10:19,030 the ethernet port so you kind of backup 246 00:10:17,230 --> 00:10:20,380 you get to your laptop running and the 247 00:10:19,030 --> 00:10:22,270 reason they do that is the battery can 248 00:10:20,380 --> 00:10:24,070 only sustain the devices for so long and 249 00:10:22,270 --> 00:10:25,630 keeping the ethernet port and the rj11 250 00:10:24,070 --> 00:10:27,640 ports all at the same time with drain 251 00:10:25,630 --> 00:10:28,780 batteries and necessarily the idea 252 00:10:27,640 --> 00:10:30,189 behind the battery backup is to keep the 253 00:10:28,780 --> 00:10:32,199 phone service up nigga you have an 254 00:10:30,190 --> 00:10:37,830 emergency or that your alarm system 255 00:10:32,200 --> 00:10:37,830 still needs to call out good 256 00:10:52,850 --> 00:11:01,770 it could be or could be the simple fact 257 00:10:55,860 --> 00:11:03,750 that there could be signal loss or an 258 00:11:01,770 --> 00:11:06,949 active component failure so when you 259 00:11:03,750 --> 00:11:11,760 have the power loss it actually could be 260 00:11:06,950 --> 00:11:14,070 you know catastrophic so yeah an 261 00:11:11,760 --> 00:11:14,850 amplifier goes down you x edit n you're 262 00:11:14,070 --> 00:11:20,400 going to lose it cuz you're going to 263 00:11:14,850 --> 00:11:21,570 take a large DB attenuation there the 264 00:11:20,400 --> 00:11:23,610 only other thing to point out here real 265 00:11:21,570 --> 00:11:25,890 quick would be there's a slow error here 266 00:11:23,610 --> 00:11:27,300 this is downstream this is the frequency 267 00:11:25,890 --> 00:11:28,650 base you're actually going to receive 268 00:11:27,300 --> 00:11:31,469 from the cable company directly to your 269 00:11:28,650 --> 00:11:34,740 house 88 to 880 megahertz or actually 270 00:11:31,470 --> 00:11:36,930 you could even go up to 1 gigahertz so 271 00:11:34,740 --> 00:11:39,870 that is also referred to from the RF 272 00:11:36,930 --> 00:11:41,609 guys as the forward path that is the RF 273 00:11:39,870 --> 00:11:44,730 frequency coming coming from the cable 274 00:11:41,610 --> 00:11:46,350 provider to you well that'd be kind of 275 00:11:44,730 --> 00:11:47,850 useless to have one way communications I 276 00:11:46,350 --> 00:11:50,100 mean if all you could ever do is listen 277 00:11:47,850 --> 00:11:52,410 and you can never respond well then you 278 00:11:50,100 --> 00:11:55,050 really don't have communications it's 279 00:11:52,410 --> 00:11:56,819 more like a radio talk show so to 280 00:11:55,050 --> 00:11:59,579 provide services like pay-per-view video 281 00:11:56,820 --> 00:12:02,430 on demand data voice stuff like that you 282 00:11:59,580 --> 00:12:04,530 got to have a path coming back the early 283 00:12:02,430 --> 00:12:05,579 days actually did telco return where you 284 00:12:04,530 --> 00:12:07,740 actually still had to help to a 285 00:12:05,580 --> 00:12:09,870 telephone line and basically what it was 286 00:12:07,740 --> 00:12:11,550 is you received your download over the 287 00:12:09,870 --> 00:12:15,600 cable modem and then your upstream 288 00:12:11,550 --> 00:12:18,270 traffic back was actually over an analog 289 00:12:15,600 --> 00:12:19,830 modem which is called telco return weird 290 00:12:18,270 --> 00:12:22,620 actually dialed a modem you know modem 291 00:12:19,830 --> 00:12:24,600 back to get the upstream back typically 292 00:12:22,620 --> 00:12:26,700 people people like why isn't symmetrical 293 00:12:24,600 --> 00:12:27,990 eyes the service not symmetrical well 294 00:12:26,700 --> 00:12:29,610 I've just point out the downstream 295 00:12:27,990 --> 00:12:32,580 there's another little area here you see 296 00:12:29,610 --> 00:12:34,620 where says upstream that's only five to 297 00:12:32,580 --> 00:12:36,780 forty two megahertz you see there's a 298 00:12:34,620 --> 00:12:39,959 big difference in the frequency base 299 00:12:36,780 --> 00:12:42,329 between the downstream and upstream with 300 00:12:39,959 --> 00:12:44,160 that being is the upstream is extremely 301 00:12:42,330 --> 00:12:45,930 limited now there's not a lot of devices 302 00:12:44,160 --> 00:12:47,939 that need to talk back so you have your 303 00:12:45,930 --> 00:12:49,949 cable modems you may have proprietary 304 00:12:47,940 --> 00:12:51,209 phone systems devices you may have the 305 00:12:49,950 --> 00:12:52,560 set-top boxes that need to have 306 00:12:51,209 --> 00:12:54,569 transmitted back pay per view 307 00:12:52,560 --> 00:12:56,670 information or channel lineup in 308 00:12:54,570 --> 00:12:58,290 information it's really cool that you 309 00:12:56,670 --> 00:13:00,150 can call your cable company and change 310 00:12:58,290 --> 00:13:03,060 your service and the Box magically gives 311 00:13:00,150 --> 00:13:04,170 you those channels I mean nobody likes 312 00:13:03,060 --> 00:13:05,520 to wait for somebody to come to your 313 00:13:04,170 --> 00:13:06,990 house to fix the service or add 314 00:13:05,520 --> 00:13:08,550 something so with the two-way 315 00:13:06,990 --> 00:13:09,900 communications it's not just convenient 316 00:13:08,550 --> 00:13:11,189 for the cable or the cable company 317 00:13:09,900 --> 00:13:19,050 themselves but it's also community for 318 00:13:11,190 --> 00:13:20,670 the customers I'm pretty sure most you 319 00:13:19,050 --> 00:13:22,920 can read so I'm not going to bore you 320 00:13:20,670 --> 00:13:24,329 with reading but your cable your cable 321 00:13:22,920 --> 00:13:26,610 is going to come over your cable TV 322 00:13:24,330 --> 00:13:34,400 services coming over 75 ohm coaxial 323 00:13:26,610 --> 00:13:34,400 cable usually RJ 59 sometimes rg11 six 324 00:13:35,540 --> 00:13:39,630 again kind of how I explained it back in 325 00:13:38,070 --> 00:13:41,280 the old days and when cable TV was 326 00:13:39,630 --> 00:13:42,960 considered community antenna it was one 327 00:13:41,280 --> 00:13:44,939 unit you know unidirectional one way to 328 00:13:42,960 --> 00:13:46,950 data path they provided you pictures 329 00:13:44,940 --> 00:13:50,580 they sent the information to you you 330 00:13:46,950 --> 00:13:52,200 never talk back more recent networks now 331 00:13:50,580 --> 00:13:54,060 is the hfc design where it's actually 332 00:13:52,200 --> 00:13:56,670 five are up too close to the 333 00:13:54,060 --> 00:13:58,589 neighborhood and at that point you have 334 00:13:56,670 --> 00:14:00,089 two optical paths one forward and one 335 00:13:58,590 --> 00:14:04,320 return where you can actually transmit 336 00:14:00,090 --> 00:14:05,760 data back and your Ford is considered 337 00:14:04,320 --> 00:14:10,770 your downstream and your return is 338 00:14:05,760 --> 00:14:14,189 considered your upstream so you're 339 00:14:10,770 --> 00:14:16,250 combining so what you have here is in 340 00:14:14,190 --> 00:14:18,090 North America we use what's called mxb 341 00:14:16,250 --> 00:14:19,890 okay there's actually two annexes 342 00:14:18,090 --> 00:14:23,700 there's an annex a and annex B for your 343 00:14:19,890 --> 00:14:25,439 frequency allocation so with amex be in 344 00:14:23,700 --> 00:14:27,840 North America it's actually six 345 00:14:25,440 --> 00:14:30,780 megahertz block is considered a channel 346 00:14:27,840 --> 00:14:32,310 in Europe and and it's a countries it's 347 00:14:30,780 --> 00:14:34,530 eight megahertz so it's a slightly 348 00:14:32,310 --> 00:14:36,119 larger and it's the same thing with with 349 00:14:34,530 --> 00:14:37,500 with euro and everything else with the 350 00:14:36,120 --> 00:14:40,950 t1 vs e when they always wanted a little 351 00:14:37,500 --> 00:14:42,390 bit better so good for them but most of 352 00:14:40,950 --> 00:14:44,250 equipment out there is going to be 353 00:14:42,390 --> 00:14:47,010 suited for docsis there is two flavors 354 00:14:44,250 --> 00:14:49,020 docsis docsis and euro docsis and there 355 00:14:47,010 --> 00:14:51,000 is one little additional docs tether 356 00:14:49,020 --> 00:14:52,650 called j docsis for japan the only 357 00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:54,810 difference between doctors and j docsis 358 00:14:52,650 --> 00:14:56,550 is they actually give you the ability to 359 00:14:54,810 --> 00:14:58,770 have a slightly larger upstream 360 00:14:56,550 --> 00:15:00,709 frequency base so in North America we 361 00:14:58,770 --> 00:15:03,960 have five to forty two megahertz and 362 00:15:00,710 --> 00:15:06,540 Japan it's five to six five to sixty 363 00:15:03,960 --> 00:15:09,330 five and then Europe at salsa five to 364 00:15:06,540 --> 00:15:11,640 sixty five but the J docsis doesn't use 365 00:15:09,330 --> 00:15:14,030 annex annex a they use annex b six 366 00:15:11,640 --> 00:15:16,860 megahertz on their downstream channels 367 00:15:14,030 --> 00:15:19,370 so if you have if you have that 368 00:15:16,860 --> 00:15:23,480 frequency base that you know 88 to 880 369 00:15:19,370 --> 00:15:25,940 if you're actually inserting media or 370 00:15:23,480 --> 00:15:27,680 MPEG frames in there and you were doing 371 00:15:25,940 --> 00:15:29,360 it in six megahertz blocks you got to 372 00:15:27,680 --> 00:15:32,300 make sure you only put one service there 373 00:15:29,360 --> 00:15:35,510 video whatever it is right either one TV 374 00:15:32,300 --> 00:15:36,920 channel an HD channel one docsis carrier 375 00:15:35,510 --> 00:15:38,569 depending on what your injected but you 376 00:15:36,920 --> 00:15:40,640 can't inject two carriers in the same 377 00:15:38,570 --> 00:15:42,830 exact frequency on you know at the same 378 00:15:40,640 --> 00:15:44,720 at the same channel with because you're 379 00:15:42,830 --> 00:15:46,850 just going to get garbage they're going 380 00:15:44,720 --> 00:15:49,760 to basically right on top of each other 381 00:15:46,850 --> 00:15:51,470 and it's going to be noise so you do 382 00:15:49,760 --> 00:15:53,930 have to make sure you properly place and 383 00:15:51,470 --> 00:15:56,480 map out your channel lineup and then on 384 00:15:53,930 --> 00:15:58,670 top of that wherever you have you know 385 00:15:56,480 --> 00:16:04,910 get six megahertz space in there you can 386 00:15:58,670 --> 00:16:08,569 allocate that to a docsis carrier the 387 00:16:04,910 --> 00:16:10,459 cisco 7246 are 7200 series you be our 388 00:16:08,570 --> 00:16:14,960 universal broadband router or uber is 389 00:16:10,460 --> 00:16:17,210 the one of the product family lines that 390 00:16:14,960 --> 00:16:21,529 cisco uses motorola uses a device called 391 00:16:17,210 --> 00:16:25,370 a BSR eres uses one called a c4 or c 3 392 00:16:21,529 --> 00:16:26,900 and then a dc-dc big man used to have a 393 00:16:25,370 --> 00:16:29,089 device called a CUDA but they went under 394 00:16:26,900 --> 00:16:30,740 and stop making it and then Terry on had 395 00:16:29,089 --> 00:16:34,220 12 called a blue wave and they went 396 00:16:30,740 --> 00:16:36,890 under and motor all about them so in the 397 00:16:34,220 --> 00:16:38,330 CMT s market for vendors that actually 398 00:16:36,890 --> 00:16:39,650 can sell the equipment to make the cable 399 00:16:38,330 --> 00:16:42,020 modems work you really only have like 400 00:16:39,650 --> 00:16:45,709 three vendors to go with motorola cisco 401 00:16:42,020 --> 00:16:48,860 and errors cisco has the largest largest 402 00:16:45,709 --> 00:16:52,209 market share there's pros and cons of 403 00:16:48,860 --> 00:16:56,510 each you know each vintage hardware 404 00:16:52,209 --> 00:16:59,920 upstairs in our room at in 226 I 405 00:16:56,510 --> 00:17:02,150 actually have a 7246 vxr router up there 406 00:16:59,920 --> 00:17:05,178 with a six foot cable plant bailed out 407 00:17:02,150 --> 00:17:06,260 with Kevin modems actively online after 408 00:17:05,179 --> 00:17:08,449 this talk and later this evening 409 00:17:06,260 --> 00:17:10,520 probably after six ish if you want to 410 00:17:08,449 --> 00:17:11,720 come up to 226 just knock on the door 411 00:17:10,520 --> 00:17:13,939 and if you actually want to come in and 412 00:17:11,720 --> 00:17:14,720 jump on the CLI you know we've got three 413 00:17:13,939 --> 00:17:19,270 hundred thousand dollars in equipment 414 00:17:14,720 --> 00:17:19,270 sitting up there you play with good 415 00:17:22,640 --> 00:17:26,160 we're probably going to have the 416 00:17:24,390 --> 00:17:30,090 security thing with the door just pried 417 00:17:26,160 --> 00:17:33,540 open but you can find myself Brian you 418 00:17:30,090 --> 00:17:36,059 can find DJ you can't miss Jason he's a 419 00:17:33,540 --> 00:17:37,889 little guy you've got bliss and Troy 420 00:17:36,059 --> 00:17:39,210 back there sitting side by side so any 421 00:17:37,890 --> 00:17:41,540 of these guys here are part of the 422 00:17:39,210 --> 00:17:46,710 middle tour the computer users group 423 00:17:41,540 --> 00:17:49,820 what's that well the door is locked and 424 00:17:46,710 --> 00:17:52,380 you know this this device is not light 425 00:17:49,820 --> 00:17:55,889 you can ask DJ because his backs better 426 00:17:52,380 --> 00:17:56,790 than mine I just don't see anybody 427 00:17:55,890 --> 00:17:59,700 really trying to get out the building 428 00:17:56,790 --> 00:18:06,300 with that plus it's all serial number de 429 00:17:59,700 --> 00:18:08,790 trackable so no we're getting ready to 430 00:18:06,300 --> 00:18:09,899 go into that and if you want to see it 431 00:18:08,790 --> 00:18:11,850 real time like I said we've actually set 432 00:18:09,900 --> 00:18:12,870 up a six foot plant up in the room I was 433 00:18:11,850 --> 00:18:14,010 going to try to bring it down here than 434 00:18:12,870 --> 00:18:15,178 I talked to Scott and Scott said I'm 435 00:18:14,010 --> 00:18:16,650 gonna have lots of stuff on the table 436 00:18:15,179 --> 00:18:17,610 it's going to take me probably 20 437 00:18:16,650 --> 00:18:18,840 minutes to get it all up and I was like 438 00:18:17,610 --> 00:18:21,330 well yeah and I really don't to carry 439 00:18:18,840 --> 00:18:23,220 that router down so we got the router 440 00:18:21,330 --> 00:18:24,240 actually set up set up live ready to go 441 00:18:23,220 --> 00:18:26,370 up in the room I think we have like 442 00:18:24,240 --> 00:18:27,780 seven or eight modems on it we could 443 00:18:26,370 --> 00:18:31,320 even add more I only had I only profit 444 00:18:27,780 --> 00:18:35,120 16 way splitter so I only can actually a 445 00:18:31,320 --> 00:18:41,610 lot so much so many devices plug to it 446 00:18:35,120 --> 00:18:43,350 so this device here if it's the 7246 vxr 447 00:18:41,610 --> 00:18:45,178 and i'm not trying to say anything I 448 00:18:43,350 --> 00:18:46,678 don't really care I don't think any of 449 00:18:45,179 --> 00:18:48,960 you could afford it or have a need to 450 00:18:46,679 --> 00:18:51,300 buy this equipment so I'm just putting 451 00:18:48,960 --> 00:18:53,010 the technology this device here is not 452 00:18:51,300 --> 00:18:57,090 end of life it has been around for like 453 00:18:53,010 --> 00:18:58,800 12 years but just recently they've come 454 00:18:57,090 --> 00:19:00,750 out with a newer line card for this one 455 00:18:58,800 --> 00:19:04,200 and a newer processor so it will be able 456 00:19:00,750 --> 00:19:05,970 to do docsis three auto so some of you 457 00:19:04,200 --> 00:19:08,100 probably heard the terminology docsis 30 458 00:19:05,970 --> 00:19:10,710 you're like wow that's going to be great 459 00:19:08,100 --> 00:19:13,080 well each version of docs this has to be 460 00:19:10,710 --> 00:19:16,320 backwards compatible through CableLabs 461 00:19:13,080 --> 00:19:19,710 so docsis 10 there is no quality of 462 00:19:16,320 --> 00:19:21,899 service best ever date of law docsis 11 463 00:19:19,710 --> 00:19:23,550 actually added costs and the ability it 464 00:19:21,900 --> 00:19:26,420 is to kill out different kinds of 465 00:19:23,550 --> 00:19:28,740 service flows into dynamic service flows 466 00:19:26,420 --> 00:19:31,020 docsis 20 the only thing that did was 467 00:19:28,740 --> 00:19:33,210 actually increase the modulation in 468 00:19:31,020 --> 00:19:34,020 types of statistical multiplexing you 469 00:19:33,210 --> 00:19:36,510 can do in the 470 00:19:34,020 --> 00:19:37,950 On the return plant or the upstream to 471 00:19:36,510 --> 00:19:39,210 allow higher data throughput on the 472 00:19:37,950 --> 00:19:40,830 upstream it didn't change how fast you 473 00:19:39,210 --> 00:19:44,070 could download that was the same as 474 00:19:40,830 --> 00:19:45,720 docsis 11 and then docsis 30 we've in 475 00:19:44,070 --> 00:19:48,389 essence basically giving you the ability 476 00:19:45,720 --> 00:19:50,640 to bond multiple downstream frequency 477 00:19:48,390 --> 00:19:52,860 channels so where you had one downstream 478 00:19:50,640 --> 00:19:54,780 in the past we've actually about allowed 479 00:19:52,860 --> 00:19:56,340 you to think of it as ready to stripe 480 00:19:54,780 --> 00:19:57,360 that across so we're you had one 481 00:19:56,340 --> 00:20:00,030 downstream now you could technically 482 00:19:57,360 --> 00:20:02,969 like eight and we had one upstream you 483 00:20:00,030 --> 00:20:04,260 could actually bond for and we're just 484 00:20:02,970 --> 00:20:05,760 basically using package with packet 485 00:20:04,260 --> 00:20:08,070 sequence numbers to recombine it back to 486 00:20:05,760 --> 00:20:10,260 you there is some other things like IP 487 00:20:08,070 --> 00:20:12,899 version 6 and docsis 30 advanced multi 488 00:20:10,260 --> 00:20:15,690 casting 256 aes encryption built into 489 00:20:12,900 --> 00:20:17,940 the device to protect your data stuff 490 00:20:15,690 --> 00:20:21,440 like that but the biggest motivator for 491 00:20:17,940 --> 00:20:24,810 docsis 30 is one defender fios 492 00:20:21,440 --> 00:20:27,150 fiber-to-the-home to provide faster 493 00:20:24,810 --> 00:20:29,580 speeds with I mean there's always 494 00:20:27,150 --> 00:20:32,070 politics behind everything and with you 495 00:20:29,580 --> 00:20:33,270 know the new administration saying 496 00:20:32,070 --> 00:20:35,010 they're going to put money and getting 497 00:20:33,270 --> 00:20:38,460 broadband everybody which has been said 498 00:20:35,010 --> 00:20:40,650 before it does give the msos or cable 499 00:20:38,460 --> 00:20:41,820 companies a little motivation to go out 500 00:20:40,650 --> 00:20:44,370 there and start upgrading some this 501 00:20:41,820 --> 00:20:46,620 equipment it is not cheap or easy to do 502 00:20:44,370 --> 00:20:49,260 this it's not like flipping a switch or 503 00:20:46,620 --> 00:20:51,030 buying a new box because you're older 504 00:20:49,260 --> 00:20:53,220 devices they have to be backwards 505 00:20:51,030 --> 00:20:55,410 compatible if you still have docsis 10 506 00:20:53,220 --> 00:20:57,180 devices on your plant you can't turn on 507 00:20:55,410 --> 00:20:59,760 all the features for docsis 30 without 508 00:20:57,180 --> 00:21:00,840 making those things brick and the 509 00:20:59,760 --> 00:21:03,780 average cost to rolla truck to 510 00:21:00,840 --> 00:21:05,909 somebody's house is 100 bucks because 511 00:21:03,780 --> 00:21:08,250 you got insurance the employee all kinds 512 00:21:05,910 --> 00:21:10,380 of stuff the vehicle so if it cuz if 513 00:21:08,250 --> 00:21:11,820 you've got 30,000 devices on your 514 00:21:10,380 --> 00:21:14,340 network of small network actually that's 515 00:21:11,820 --> 00:21:17,010 a very small Network and 10,000 or 516 00:21:14,340 --> 00:21:18,060 docsis 10 devices out there still you're 517 00:21:17,010 --> 00:21:21,150 going to have to find a way to get those 518 00:21:18,060 --> 00:21:22,169 off the plant and if they are leased to 519 00:21:21,150 --> 00:21:23,400 the customer okay it's your 520 00:21:22,170 --> 00:21:24,660 responsibility you can probably roll a 521 00:21:23,400 --> 00:21:27,390 truck but if the customer owns they may 522 00:21:24,660 --> 00:21:28,830 not want to upgrade so unless you're 523 00:21:27,390 --> 00:21:30,060 giving them a modem free so now you're 524 00:21:28,830 --> 00:21:30,960 not only you're paying a hundred ah 525 00:21:30,060 --> 00:21:32,040 leurs roll the truck you're actually 526 00:21:30,960 --> 00:21:34,440 spending another hundred dollars in 527 00:21:32,040 --> 00:21:38,250 hardware and they're paying thirty five 528 00:21:34,440 --> 00:21:40,500 dollars a month so there are some 529 00:21:38,250 --> 00:21:41,700 roadblocks that are all technical some 530 00:21:40,500 --> 00:21:43,770 are some are technical some are 531 00:21:41,700 --> 00:21:45,150 financial and it isn't necessarily about 532 00:21:43,770 --> 00:21:46,570 the equipment it's just about the fact 533 00:21:45,150 --> 00:21:49,149 that this stuff is backwards 534 00:21:46,570 --> 00:21:50,350 paddle for a good reason but it can 535 00:21:49,149 --> 00:21:51,908 limit so if it's a green field 536 00:21:50,350 --> 00:21:53,529 deployment and it's a brand new place 537 00:21:51,909 --> 00:21:55,720 and you're just lighting it up you're 538 00:21:53,529 --> 00:21:57,429 good to go of course if that's also the 539 00:21:55,720 --> 00:21:59,830 situation you may go with wimax or 540 00:21:57,429 --> 00:22:01,690 something wireless or you may just run 541 00:21:59,830 --> 00:22:02,710 fiber to everybody's house so there's 542 00:22:01,690 --> 00:22:04,120 pros and cons their thing and there's 543 00:22:02,710 --> 00:22:05,740 multiple technologies and some customers 544 00:22:04,120 --> 00:22:07,418 i support actually own the telephone 545 00:22:05,740 --> 00:22:08,559 company they actually have fiber all the 546 00:22:07,419 --> 00:22:10,210 way up to like the edge of the 547 00:22:08,559 --> 00:22:11,470 neighborhood and they have a cable plant 548 00:22:10,210 --> 00:22:12,610 and they're trying to figure out how 549 00:22:11,470 --> 00:22:13,690 they get most bang for the buck and a 550 00:22:12,610 --> 00:22:16,240 lot nine times out of ten they're going 551 00:22:13,690 --> 00:22:18,429 with docsis the simple fact is is 552 00:22:16,240 --> 00:22:22,659 there's a lot of research there and it's 553 00:22:18,429 --> 00:22:24,309 a very strong protocol well doctors has 554 00:22:22,659 --> 00:22:28,769 a protocol so I don't really know what a 555 00:22:24,309 --> 00:22:31,120 competitor would be no there used to be 556 00:22:28,769 --> 00:22:33,039 there used to be very close standards 557 00:22:31,120 --> 00:22:35,080 and there was there was no necessarily 558 00:22:33,039 --> 00:22:36,490 docsis at the time so the original cable 559 00:22:35,080 --> 00:22:37,928 one was like the old shark fin is and 560 00:22:36,490 --> 00:22:39,309 the original stuff out there that was 561 00:22:37,929 --> 00:22:41,529 proprietary so not only did you have to 562 00:22:39,309 --> 00:22:43,600 buy this vendors hardware yet by this 563 00:22:41,529 --> 00:22:47,649 manners modem which makes it very 564 00:22:43,600 --> 00:22:49,269 expensive so this is going to go through 565 00:22:47,649 --> 00:22:50,799 and again I'm not going to read it 566 00:22:49,269 --> 00:22:52,539 verbatim for you but this is 567 00:22:50,799 --> 00:22:56,529 representing what's called a 1 by 6 line 568 00:22:52,539 --> 00:22:58,750 card one downstream sticks up streams so 569 00:22:56,529 --> 00:23:01,690 remember the downstream is from the 570 00:22:58,750 --> 00:23:03,549 cable company out to the customer the 571 00:23:01,690 --> 00:23:05,519 upstream would be the return path so on 572 00:23:03,549 --> 00:23:09,519 the downstream I only have one port 573 00:23:05,519 --> 00:23:12,190 remember I have a 88 to 880 or 1 574 00:23:09,519 --> 00:23:14,590 gigahertz range on that downstream at 575 00:23:12,190 --> 00:23:16,029 six megahertz wide and I'm suiting that 576 00:23:14,590 --> 00:23:17,019 down that's actually going just like one 577 00:23:16,029 --> 00:23:18,100 little neighborhood area and that's 578 00:23:17,019 --> 00:23:19,960 that's the downstream that's your 579 00:23:18,100 --> 00:23:21,250 download now if you need to talk back to 580 00:23:19,960 --> 00:23:26,259 the cmds you're gonna have to come up 581 00:23:21,250 --> 00:23:28,960 over an upstream port so on the upstream 582 00:23:26,259 --> 00:23:30,370 side you can actually it makes sense to 583 00:23:28,960 --> 00:23:33,429 have multiple upstream supporting a 584 00:23:30,370 --> 00:23:35,049 single downstream and since this is an 585 00:23:33,429 --> 00:23:36,100 older lying card this is I think this 586 00:23:35,049 --> 00:23:38,019 extra line car we're looking at right 587 00:23:36,100 --> 00:23:41,439 now is into life's this slide decks kind 588 00:23:38,019 --> 00:23:42,700 of old but they cover some of the real 589 00:23:41,440 --> 00:23:44,740 good basic stuff I didn't want to come 590 00:23:42,700 --> 00:23:46,720 in here like doctors 30 and talk about 591 00:23:44,740 --> 00:23:48,549 like MDD messaging and you're like huh I 592 00:23:46,720 --> 00:23:50,110 want to try to keep it basic and keep 593 00:23:48,549 --> 00:23:52,330 you guys in the same note we can go a 594 00:23:50,110 --> 00:23:53,709 lot deeper later but basically in most 595 00:23:52,330 --> 00:23:55,210 cases you're going to have one 596 00:23:53,710 --> 00:23:57,639 downstream and possibly multiple up 597 00:23:55,210 --> 00:23:59,529 streams now the device is using the up 598 00:23:57,639 --> 00:23:59,979 streams it'll be multiple devices but 599 00:23:59,529 --> 00:24:03,160 one 600 00:23:59,980 --> 00:24:05,200 you know one device mean if it's docsis 601 00:24:03,160 --> 00:24:06,820 if it's less than oxes 30 cannot use 602 00:24:05,200 --> 00:24:08,799 multiple extremes by itself so one modem 603 00:24:06,820 --> 00:24:10,450 may not won't be talking on to upstream 604 00:24:08,799 --> 00:24:12,580 frequencies though there may be two 605 00:24:10,450 --> 00:24:15,640 upstream frequencies available to it 606 00:24:12,580 --> 00:24:17,620 it'll pick one and then as utilization 607 00:24:15,640 --> 00:24:18,880 and network connectivity pick up it can 608 00:24:17,620 --> 00:24:20,500 load balance between them and move the 609 00:24:18,880 --> 00:24:22,929 guy over to this one or over to that one 610 00:24:20,500 --> 00:24:24,400 and you can actually have multiple down 611 00:24:22,929 --> 00:24:27,910 streets to and do load balancing across 612 00:24:24,400 --> 00:24:30,280 down streams in the same fashion one 613 00:24:27,910 --> 00:24:31,540 thing to point out the little device 614 00:24:30,280 --> 00:24:33,610 down below this you see from the 615 00:24:31,540 --> 00:24:35,830 downstream they got this here then they 616 00:24:33,610 --> 00:24:37,870 got an attenuator and then they got this 617 00:24:35,830 --> 00:24:40,570 little device called up converter so 618 00:24:37,870 --> 00:24:42,040 originally the downstream just like in 619 00:24:40,570 --> 00:24:44,909 the TV network when you got a channel 620 00:24:42,040 --> 00:24:47,590 prophet satellite receiver the output 621 00:24:44,910 --> 00:24:50,530 was what's called if' intermediate 622 00:24:47,590 --> 00:24:53,350 frequency that is at 44 megahertz 623 00:24:50,530 --> 00:24:55,720 thinner frequency the end not modifiable 624 00:24:53,350 --> 00:24:57,969 that's what if' is so if everything came 625 00:24:55,720 --> 00:25:00,460 out at I F at 44 megahertz well I can't 626 00:24:57,970 --> 00:25:01,419 really do everything there that's where 627 00:25:00,460 --> 00:25:03,220 you get the up converter where it takes 628 00:25:01,419 --> 00:25:04,630 the I FN and then turns around and in 629 00:25:03,220 --> 00:25:07,059 the upconvert of your program what 630 00:25:04,630 --> 00:25:08,799 downstream frequency or channel you want 631 00:25:07,059 --> 00:25:11,590 to provide that service on and that 632 00:25:08,799 --> 00:25:13,840 helps you build your channel lineup all 633 00:25:11,590 --> 00:25:15,459 of the newer cards that are for the 634 00:25:13,840 --> 00:25:17,379 different types of cmcs is out there 635 00:25:15,460 --> 00:25:18,610 with all different vendors now have 636 00:25:17,380 --> 00:25:19,720 built-in up converter so you don't have 637 00:25:18,610 --> 00:25:23,459 to have a separate piece of equipment 638 00:25:19,720 --> 00:25:27,220 the device I have upstairs in our room 639 00:25:23,460 --> 00:25:28,809 has three 1 by 6 cards in a 2 by 8 card 640 00:25:27,220 --> 00:25:29,980 the to buy a card has a built-in up 641 00:25:28,809 --> 00:25:31,600 converter so we have one less piece of 642 00:25:29,980 --> 00:25:34,600 equipment so that's the one we hook in 643 00:25:31,600 --> 00:25:38,110 the motives to right now but just a 644 00:25:34,600 --> 00:25:39,790 little side note so 44 megahertz is what 645 00:25:38,110 --> 00:25:46,870 is called a intermediate frequency in 646 00:25:39,790 --> 00:25:48,220 the cable world so our upstream again I 647 00:25:46,870 --> 00:25:51,719 was explaining earlier our upstream 648 00:25:48,220 --> 00:25:51,720 ranges from five to forty two megahertz 649 00:25:52,620 --> 00:25:56,409 typically that's pretty low that's 650 00:25:54,669 --> 00:25:57,730 pretty far below the lowest downstream 651 00:25:56,410 --> 00:26:02,049 TV frequency which would be sitting 652 00:25:57,730 --> 00:26:03,760 about eighty eight megahertz and kind of 653 00:26:02,049 --> 00:26:06,490 a sidebar real quick as I was talking 654 00:26:03,760 --> 00:26:08,200 earlier about channel lineups so 16 655 00:26:06,490 --> 00:26:10,360 megahertz slot in the downstream for a 656 00:26:08,200 --> 00:26:12,669 TV channel well that's what you need for 657 00:26:10,360 --> 00:26:13,810 one analog TV channel but if you're 658 00:26:12,669 --> 00:26:15,370 doing digital I 659 00:26:13,810 --> 00:26:18,639 actually fit 10 digital channels in that 660 00:26:15,370 --> 00:26:20,679 six megahertz block if you don't HD I 661 00:26:18,640 --> 00:26:22,690 could probably put three HD channels in 662 00:26:20,680 --> 00:26:24,610 that six megahertz space but if you're 663 00:26:22,690 --> 00:26:25,870 doing analog is extremely wasteful and 664 00:26:24,610 --> 00:26:28,330 it takes that whole six megahertz 665 00:26:25,870 --> 00:26:31,260 carrier that's another reason the FCC is 666 00:26:28,330 --> 00:26:34,419 pushing to get rid of analog TV because 667 00:26:31,260 --> 00:26:37,600 from 88 to 500 megahertz is the analog 668 00:26:34,420 --> 00:26:40,840 range and that's basically wasted 669 00:26:37,600 --> 00:26:43,600 bandwidth so where I could have put only 670 00:26:40,840 --> 00:26:45,760 one one one carrier 11 television 671 00:26:43,600 --> 00:26:47,169 carrier for six megahertz if I can get 672 00:26:45,760 --> 00:26:50,890 rid of the requirement to carry the 673 00:26:47,170 --> 00:26:53,020 analog i can now stack 10 digital 674 00:26:50,890 --> 00:26:54,940 channels and possibly 15 of giving 675 00:26:53,020 --> 00:26:57,700 depending on compression in each one of 676 00:26:54,940 --> 00:26:59,620 those slots and then i can stack 677 00:26:57,700 --> 00:27:02,260 anywhere from two to four HD channels 678 00:26:59,620 --> 00:27:06,729 per six megahertz block so again analogs 679 00:27:02,260 --> 00:27:08,530 extremely wasteful cable modems these 680 00:27:06,730 --> 00:27:11,080 are some older pictures to modem devices 681 00:27:08,530 --> 00:27:12,100 but basically I think we all understand 682 00:27:11,080 --> 00:27:13,689 kind of what a capable de ms they 683 00:27:12,100 --> 00:27:15,070 usually have two data interfaces at 684 00:27:13,690 --> 00:27:18,520 least classically they did they had a 685 00:27:15,070 --> 00:27:20,530 USB port and even a jack for the 686 00:27:18,520 --> 00:27:22,930 customer and then an f connector or 687 00:27:20,530 --> 00:27:25,960 coaxial input for the cable companies 688 00:27:22,930 --> 00:27:27,340 feed any of your newer capable devices 689 00:27:25,960 --> 00:27:29,650 you're probably not going to see the USB 690 00:27:27,340 --> 00:27:31,419 port on anymore one I think it was 691 00:27:29,650 --> 00:27:33,730 limited about 11 megabit per second 692 00:27:31,420 --> 00:27:35,800 actual throughput and to nobody used it 693 00:27:33,730 --> 00:27:36,700 is this an expensive additional port you 694 00:27:35,800 --> 00:27:39,490 have to put in a piece equipment that 695 00:27:36,700 --> 00:27:40,840 almost nobody uses so most of the newer 696 00:27:39,490 --> 00:27:46,650 cable modems out there from all the 697 00:27:40,840 --> 00:27:46,649 vendors have taken off the USB port so 698 00:27:47,250 --> 00:27:52,540 there's an error so cisco linksys which 699 00:27:50,170 --> 00:27:56,650 is also cisco and a motorola in the 700 00:27:52,540 --> 00:27:58,810 picture below so keep them on an 701 00:27:56,650 --> 00:28:00,250 upstream and downstream I kind of beaten 702 00:27:58,810 --> 00:28:03,070 this already so I'm just going to touch 703 00:28:00,250 --> 00:28:05,200 it real quick the downstream 88 to 880 704 00:28:03,070 --> 00:28:07,300 or possibly one gigahertz very large 705 00:28:05,200 --> 00:28:09,730 pipe lots of places you could put 706 00:28:07,300 --> 00:28:11,350 doctors carriers the upstream five to 707 00:28:09,730 --> 00:28:13,480 forty two megahertz not a lot of places 708 00:28:11,350 --> 00:28:15,719 to do data not a lot of frequency base 709 00:28:13,480 --> 00:28:17,800 there are a spectrum where we could use 710 00:28:15,720 --> 00:28:19,180 that's another reason why you don't have 711 00:28:17,800 --> 00:28:20,919 symmetrical services that's why you 712 00:28:19,180 --> 00:28:23,850 could get a lot of times Jephson like 10 713 00:28:20,920 --> 00:28:23,850 down and like one up 714 00:28:25,080 --> 00:28:28,659 sure doc says 30 has increased the 715 00:28:27,280 --> 00:28:30,670 upstream to 65 megahertz the only 716 00:28:28,660 --> 00:28:32,920 problem is the cable TV plant has stuff 717 00:28:30,670 --> 00:28:35,590 called roll-off filters and die flex 718 00:28:32,920 --> 00:28:38,020 filters and those actually cut the 719 00:28:35,590 --> 00:28:40,270 signal off at about 42 megahertz so for 720 00:28:38,020 --> 00:28:41,920 them to provide a bigger upstream they 721 00:28:40,270 --> 00:28:44,020 got to go out and replace every active 722 00:28:41,920 --> 00:29:00,010 and passive device on the telephone 723 00:28:44,020 --> 00:29:01,510 poles not really remember internet and 724 00:29:00,010 --> 00:29:04,030 data is something that's actually pretty 725 00:29:01,510 --> 00:29:05,950 modern cable TV has been around before 726 00:29:04,030 --> 00:29:07,480 the internet nobody was using that 727 00:29:05,950 --> 00:29:09,429 frequency base it's actually a really 728 00:29:07,480 --> 00:29:11,260 bad place try to suit you to actually 729 00:29:09,429 --> 00:29:13,240 probably do data communications it's 730 00:29:11,260 --> 00:29:16,809 very noisy does anybody know the 731 00:29:13,240 --> 00:29:17,920 frequency of citizen band radio 27 732 00:29:16,809 --> 00:29:19,809 megahertz that's right in the middle of 733 00:29:17,920 --> 00:29:21,670 that carrier so if anywhere in your 734 00:29:19,809 --> 00:29:22,960 cable plant there's a loose fitting a 735 00:29:21,670 --> 00:29:25,330 squirrel cheat on the hardline feeder 736 00:29:22,960 --> 00:29:27,190 somebody got a cheap radioshack twist on 737 00:29:25,330 --> 00:29:28,510 connector something like that you 738 00:29:27,190 --> 00:29:30,610 actually can take what's called ingress 739 00:29:28,510 --> 00:29:33,100 an injection or have suck out of the RF 740 00:29:30,610 --> 00:29:34,330 at 27 megahertz so I can't put a docsis 741 00:29:33,100 --> 00:29:35,649 carrier there now because there's too 742 00:29:34,330 --> 00:29:39,399 much noise there won't transmit right 743 00:29:35,650 --> 00:29:42,580 theres also 6 meter 5 meter ham that can 744 00:29:39,400 --> 00:29:45,059 interfere remote stroll Tilo kids remote 745 00:29:42,580 --> 00:29:47,830 control RC cars that's a 2742 megahertz 746 00:29:45,059 --> 00:29:49,690 so there's a lot of characteristics that 747 00:29:47,830 --> 00:29:53,020 people don't really think about but your 748 00:29:49,690 --> 00:29:55,000 RF plant in the field is like a living 749 00:29:53,020 --> 00:29:57,309 creature it's constantly changing it's 750 00:29:55,000 --> 00:29:59,170 constantly affected your decibel levels 751 00:29:57,309 --> 00:30:00,910 in the morning and the evening are going 752 00:29:59,170 --> 00:30:04,179 to fluctuate because what happens when 753 00:30:00,910 --> 00:30:05,770 metal when it gets hot it expands the 754 00:30:04,179 --> 00:30:10,120 distance between the two devices have 755 00:30:05,770 --> 00:30:11,800 now actually changed so there's a lot 756 00:30:10,120 --> 00:30:15,550 more to it than just the extreme basics 757 00:30:11,800 --> 00:30:17,830 and if you really want to get deeper in 758 00:30:15,550 --> 00:30:19,120 RF like I said take up with me but you 759 00:30:17,830 --> 00:30:22,620 can spend your whole career just try to 760 00:30:19,120 --> 00:30:25,239 understand the characteristics of signal 761 00:30:22,620 --> 00:30:27,070 so it's best just to get a good grasp we 762 00:30:25,240 --> 00:30:29,710 have a good understanding of the basics 763 00:30:27,070 --> 00:30:31,600 of how it works and then try to continue 764 00:30:29,710 --> 00:30:32,360 to build on and not try to dwell too 765 00:30:31,600 --> 00:30:34,219 long in one area 766 00:30:32,360 --> 00:30:35,928 because none of this none of us can be 767 00:30:34,220 --> 00:30:38,210 like know-it-alls and everything we can 768 00:30:35,929 --> 00:30:40,010 be good at something we be okayed a lot 769 00:30:38,210 --> 00:30:41,420 of things but you know there's no way 770 00:30:40,010 --> 00:30:42,350 and there's a lot of stuff I don't know 771 00:30:41,420 --> 00:30:44,660 if I don't know what I'm gonna tell you 772 00:30:42,350 --> 00:30:48,530 don't know but I'll probably have to 773 00:30:44,660 --> 00:30:50,900 look it up for you so we're looking at 774 00:30:48,530 --> 00:30:52,070 the downstream there's something else up 775 00:30:50,900 --> 00:30:53,179 to us so I told you the channel with six 776 00:30:52,070 --> 00:30:55,100 megahertz there's one thing I didn't 777 00:30:53,179 --> 00:30:57,620 tell you yet and is the modulation 778 00:30:55,100 --> 00:31:00,949 scheme so how are we modulating the 779 00:30:57,620 --> 00:31:03,678 signal well currently you have about two 780 00:31:00,950 --> 00:31:07,429 choices for modulation 64 qualms or 256 781 00:31:03,679 --> 00:31:09,380 qualms so the raw throughput of a 64 782 00:31:07,429 --> 00:31:13,160 quam carrier the six megahertz wide is 783 00:31:09,380 --> 00:31:15,650 about 27 megabits per second for data 784 00:31:13,160 --> 00:31:19,370 traffic a 256 quam carrier will give you 785 00:31:15,650 --> 00:31:21,320 about 38 megabits per second the other 786 00:31:19,370 --> 00:31:22,850 two fields over here where it's talking 787 00:31:21,320 --> 00:31:25,460 about required a minimum CNR that's 788 00:31:22,850 --> 00:31:27,350 actually carried a noise ratio it's not 789 00:31:25,460 --> 00:31:28,669 the same thing as signal-to-noise ratio 790 00:31:27,350 --> 00:31:31,418 there are actually two different 791 00:31:28,669 --> 00:31:35,510 measurements that people mix them up on 792 00:31:31,419 --> 00:31:36,740 the upstream side and again we I'm not 793 00:31:35,510 --> 00:31:38,270 going to sit there and read verbatim 794 00:31:36,740 --> 00:31:40,640 every part of this life is well run out 795 00:31:38,270 --> 00:31:42,470 of time this is normally like I cut a 796 00:31:40,640 --> 00:31:44,059 150 slides out of this so there's only 797 00:31:42,470 --> 00:31:45,590 70 here so it's not too bad and we 798 00:31:44,059 --> 00:31:47,600 probably won't cover all that but 799 00:31:45,590 --> 00:31:50,030 normally the basics class would take a 800 00:31:47,600 --> 00:31:51,799 week to go into with labs to kind of 801 00:31:50,030 --> 00:31:53,360 cover some of this but on the upstream 802 00:31:51,799 --> 00:31:55,340 side we actually have different channel 803 00:31:53,360 --> 00:31:56,750 waves we can use so on the downstream 804 00:31:55,340 --> 00:31:58,399 we're locked in its debt at six 805 00:31:56,750 --> 00:32:00,799 megahertz and x ir b because those are 806 00:31:58,400 --> 00:32:02,840 TV that's that's what the TV industry 807 00:32:00,799 --> 00:32:04,610 did way back when and the FCC gave them 808 00:32:02,840 --> 00:32:07,309 that's how they were a lot and how to 809 00:32:04,610 --> 00:32:09,020 give out spectrum well on the upstream 810 00:32:07,309 --> 00:32:11,870 side that's more recent that's for like 811 00:32:09,020 --> 00:32:13,490 pay-per-view for the internet stuff so 812 00:32:11,870 --> 00:32:15,830 it was a little more flexible with that 813 00:32:13,490 --> 00:32:16,940 well you actually have different channel 814 00:32:15,830 --> 00:32:19,580 whips you can select when you're 815 00:32:16,940 --> 00:32:22,190 configuring the router you can do 200 816 00:32:19,580 --> 00:32:25,280 kilohertz 400 kilo hertz 800 1.6 817 00:32:22,190 --> 00:32:27,590 megahertz 3.2 mega hertz or if your 818 00:32:25,280 --> 00:32:29,168 plant is pure docsis to or better you 819 00:32:27,590 --> 00:32:32,168 can actually even do a 6.4 wide 820 00:32:29,169 --> 00:32:36,169 megahertz carrier on the upstream and 821 00:32:32,169 --> 00:32:39,590 then down below there again is also 822 00:32:36,169 --> 00:32:42,980 different kinds of modulation you have 823 00:32:39,590 --> 00:32:44,600 that you have qpsk which is robust and 824 00:32:42,980 --> 00:32:47,810 can handle noise but doesn't provide 825 00:32:44,600 --> 00:32:51,409 a lot of throughput you have 16 qualms 826 00:32:47,810 --> 00:32:56,659 which docsis 10 11 20 and 30 are all 827 00:32:51,410 --> 00:32:58,160 able to use and 16 qualm is not as is a 828 00:32:56,660 --> 00:33:00,260 little more susceptible to noise but 829 00:32:58,160 --> 00:33:01,670 gives you more throughput so if your 830 00:33:00,260 --> 00:33:02,840 maintenance guys out there those bucket 831 00:33:01,670 --> 00:33:05,360 trucks aren't tightening it up and 832 00:33:02,840 --> 00:33:06,620 fixing that plant daily you're going to 833 00:33:05,360 --> 00:33:08,500 have a harder time running 16 quam 834 00:33:06,620 --> 00:33:11,209 without taking a higher bit error rate 835 00:33:08,500 --> 00:33:13,250 or modular modulation error rate 836 00:33:11,210 --> 00:33:15,890 depending on where that you know where 837 00:33:13,250 --> 00:33:18,140 the failure is you may only be able to 838 00:33:15,890 --> 00:33:20,120 do qpsk because it's much more robust 839 00:33:18,140 --> 00:33:22,370 and basically just think of it as error 840 00:33:20,120 --> 00:33:23,929 checking if I take one error i can 841 00:33:22,370 --> 00:33:25,760 assume what it was and fix it but if i 842 00:33:23,930 --> 00:33:27,740 take three errors in a row at that point 843 00:33:25,760 --> 00:33:28,970 i probably can't fix that because I 844 00:33:27,740 --> 00:33:30,350 don't know what I don't know how to 845 00:33:28,970 --> 00:33:32,420 correct that one or zero that's the same 846 00:33:30,350 --> 00:33:34,250 basic theory here what noise comes in it 847 00:33:32,420 --> 00:33:36,890 overrides of legitimate data and causes 848 00:33:34,250 --> 00:33:39,740 his scrambled garble crap and you're in 849 00:33:36,890 --> 00:33:42,860 able to really correct it do error 850 00:33:39,740 --> 00:33:48,440 correction on it the throughput ratings 851 00:33:42,860 --> 00:33:51,770 here so with qpsk you got 200 400 800 in 852 00:33:48,440 --> 00:33:53,180 a 1.6 2 3 12 wide channel whiffs you're 853 00:33:51,770 --> 00:33:56,690 not going to see anything out there 854 00:33:53,180 --> 00:34:00,050 today that is smaller than 1.6 the 855 00:33:56,690 --> 00:34:02,360 average is a 3.2 wide carrier if the 856 00:34:00,050 --> 00:34:04,250 company that's servicing you thought 857 00:34:02,360 --> 00:34:05,780 ahead and got rid of the 10 modems in 11 858 00:34:04,250 --> 00:34:08,659 modems and all the motors in their plan 859 00:34:05,780 --> 00:34:10,489 or 20 then they actually can do a higher 860 00:34:08,659 --> 00:34:12,889 upstream modulation and a bigger channel 861 00:34:10,489 --> 00:34:16,209 with they could do the 6.4 wide and they 862 00:34:12,889 --> 00:34:19,909 actually can do a 64 qualms upstream 863 00:34:16,210 --> 00:34:24,070 which a 16 qualms would give these gives 864 00:34:19,909 --> 00:34:28,190 you about 10.24 megabit per second up a 865 00:34:24,070 --> 00:34:31,910 64 qualm is somewhere around 24 megabit 866 00:34:28,190 --> 00:34:35,360 per second and then there's also other 867 00:34:31,909 --> 00:34:37,100 ways to do that too again you have your 868 00:34:35,360 --> 00:34:41,530 required CNR your minimum seeing our 869 00:34:37,100 --> 00:34:41,529 values any questions at this point 870 00:34:43,530 --> 00:34:53,409 quam is a modulation type it's it's much 871 00:34:49,000 --> 00:34:54,460 beyond this talk but yeah I mean we'd 872 00:34:53,409 --> 00:35:01,360 have to get we'd have to go into some 873 00:34:54,460 --> 00:35:03,190 deep math to to explain it it's easier 874 00:35:01,360 --> 00:35:04,869 to just explain this and try to go 875 00:35:03,190 --> 00:35:06,700 through the slides but basically through 876 00:35:04,869 --> 00:35:08,860 the picture you can see that the red 877 00:35:06,700 --> 00:35:10,390 line would be a downstream and then you 878 00:35:08,860 --> 00:35:12,550 see the other color lines the blue 879 00:35:10,390 --> 00:35:13,960 orange and green those are up streams 880 00:35:12,550 --> 00:35:15,970 remember I told you you can have one 881 00:35:13,960 --> 00:35:18,940 downstream but you might have multiple 882 00:35:15,970 --> 00:35:20,589 up streams in this case each one of 883 00:35:18,940 --> 00:35:23,350 these streets are service areas are 884 00:35:20,590 --> 00:35:24,730 sharing a downstream which as we just 885 00:35:23,350 --> 00:35:27,160 seen has a lot more throughput than an 886 00:35:24,730 --> 00:35:29,470 upstream but each service area may have 887 00:35:27,160 --> 00:35:34,210 may have a direct route back to that 888 00:35:29,470 --> 00:35:37,868 seems yes on its own upstream so how's 889 00:35:34,210 --> 00:35:38,800 that work well each of these up streams 890 00:35:37,869 --> 00:35:40,150 can actually be set at the same 891 00:35:38,800 --> 00:35:43,030 frequency because they're not going to 892 00:35:40,150 --> 00:35:45,310 the same people just because they share 893 00:35:43,030 --> 00:35:46,990 similar downstream doesn't mean that's 894 00:35:45,310 --> 00:35:50,740 in a different frequency there's a 895 00:35:46,990 --> 00:35:52,419 diplexer filter there so you take the 896 00:35:50,740 --> 00:35:54,129 high frequency here in the low frequency 897 00:35:52,420 --> 00:35:56,050 there and you combine them together and 898 00:35:54,130 --> 00:35:57,609 you feed the customer there's no back 899 00:35:56,050 --> 00:35:59,230 feet across the downstream or the 900 00:35:57,609 --> 00:36:02,230 upstream from the other carrier or 901 00:35:59,230 --> 00:36:03,850 connection so that allows you to 902 00:36:02,230 --> 00:36:05,140 actually run the same frequency on your 903 00:36:03,850 --> 00:36:07,450 up streams and run the up streams to 904 00:36:05,140 --> 00:36:09,190 multiple service groups you cannot put 905 00:36:07,450 --> 00:36:12,160 the same upstream you can't use upstream 906 00:36:09,190 --> 00:36:14,170 zero and upstream one to the same node 907 00:36:12,160 --> 00:36:15,339 in the field at the same frequency 908 00:36:14,170 --> 00:36:16,270 because again you're writing a top each 909 00:36:15,340 --> 00:36:23,350 other they may be at different 910 00:36:16,270 --> 00:36:25,750 frequencies so how does the cable modem 911 00:36:23,350 --> 00:36:31,109 come online anybody have any idea right 912 00:36:25,750 --> 00:36:31,109 now besides people that know me 913 00:36:33,170 --> 00:36:36,990 you plug it in and how does it know how 914 00:36:35,970 --> 00:36:41,779 to transfer data and actually 915 00:36:36,990 --> 00:36:41,779 communicating the cmps is it automagic 916 00:36:42,200 --> 00:36:48,839 so at this point if you're if you're not 917 00:36:46,740 --> 00:36:51,330 bored to tears just yet I'm going to 918 00:36:48,840 --> 00:36:53,280 actually explain the cable modem ranging 919 00:36:51,330 --> 00:36:55,710 process and how it comes online because 920 00:36:53,280 --> 00:36:57,810 it is a semitic it is a systematic 921 00:36:55,710 --> 00:36:59,580 process and when troubleshooting errors 922 00:36:57,810 --> 00:37:03,090 I can pretty much figure out where the 923 00:36:59,580 --> 00:37:04,440 problem is by looking at how it ranged 924 00:37:03,090 --> 00:37:06,030 or if it was able to complete ranging 925 00:37:04,440 --> 00:37:07,050 because it will tell me I mean mother 926 00:37:06,030 --> 00:37:08,700 most of us here understand 927 00:37:07,050 --> 00:37:10,140 troubleshooting right we don't start at 928 00:37:08,700 --> 00:37:12,868 layer 7 we normally start a layer 1 929 00:37:10,140 --> 00:37:14,759 right but is it is it plugged in and 930 00:37:12,869 --> 00:37:17,760 then okay is the playdough is it turned 931 00:37:14,760 --> 00:37:19,350 on and that's the basic truck that's the 932 00:37:17,760 --> 00:37:20,640 basic theory here is when the cable 933 00:37:19,350 --> 00:37:22,529 modem first gets there right and you 934 00:37:20,640 --> 00:37:23,910 plug it in and you turn it on well 935 00:37:22,530 --> 00:37:26,460 what's it going to do well it's going to 936 00:37:23,910 --> 00:37:29,629 scan for a downstream frequency it's got 937 00:37:26,460 --> 00:37:33,350 to listen before it can talk well 938 00:37:29,630 --> 00:37:36,630 everything's actually encoded in peg on 939 00:37:33,350 --> 00:37:38,480 the rfm but there's a special frame 940 00:37:36,630 --> 00:37:41,640 header on the impact frames for docsis 941 00:37:38,480 --> 00:37:43,140 well you can actually a multiple you 942 00:37:41,640 --> 00:37:44,549 could have one cable company but you can 943 00:37:43,140 --> 00:37:46,259 actually have them reselling their cable 944 00:37:44,550 --> 00:37:48,900 service plant with another scene PS from 945 00:37:46,260 --> 00:37:51,510 a competitor or another company on the 946 00:37:48,900 --> 00:37:54,119 same cable plant so you got to make sure 947 00:37:51,510 --> 00:37:56,190 the motor was go to the right place well 948 00:37:54,119 --> 00:37:57,390 part of the ranging the initial ranging 949 00:37:56,190 --> 00:37:59,190 process the first thing is going to do 950 00:37:57,390 --> 00:38:01,710 is disk it asserts its going to charge 951 00:37:59,190 --> 00:38:04,560 scanning frequencies on the downstream 952 00:38:01,710 --> 00:38:07,770 and in this example this is actually a 953 00:38:04,560 --> 00:38:11,670 debug session from a cisco modem we can 954 00:38:07,770 --> 00:38:13,200 see it's at 537 didn't see nothing so 955 00:38:11,670 --> 00:38:15,450 then it goes next the next frequency 956 00:38:13,200 --> 00:38:17,850 what why is the next frequency 66 957 00:38:15,450 --> 00:38:20,549 megahertz up because this is a channel 958 00:38:17,850 --> 00:38:22,200 with North America keeps going 959 00:38:20,550 --> 00:38:24,990 eventually it'll actually see it in here 960 00:38:22,200 --> 00:38:28,470 it says cable modem logged es downstream 961 00:38:24,990 --> 00:38:31,259 64 quam lock acquired it found a 962 00:38:28,470 --> 00:38:34,680 downstream 64 qualms ignites like sweet 963 00:38:31,260 --> 00:38:37,440 i found my downstream now i gotta wait 964 00:38:34,680 --> 00:38:40,379 and the wait state at the very last line 965 00:38:37,440 --> 00:38:41,880 there where it says wait UCD state you 966 00:38:40,380 --> 00:38:45,119 see d stands for upstream channel 967 00:38:41,880 --> 00:38:45,430 descriptor it knows it can hear now but 968 00:38:45,119 --> 00:38:48,250 it 969 00:38:45,430 --> 00:38:50,710 not know how to communicate back to the 970 00:38:48,250 --> 00:38:53,380 cmps it doesn't know what frequency what 971 00:38:50,710 --> 00:38:55,210 modulation scheme what channel width it 972 00:38:53,380 --> 00:38:56,440 doesn't understand that yet that's why 973 00:38:55,210 --> 00:38:57,849 it's waiting for the upstream channel 974 00:38:56,440 --> 00:38:59,290 descriptor because the cmcs and the 975 00:38:57,849 --> 00:39:00,520 downstream is always telling everybody 976 00:38:59,290 --> 00:39:02,770 just case someone wants to come online 977 00:39:00,520 --> 00:39:04,509 it's always screaming out the upstream 978 00:39:02,770 --> 00:39:05,770 requirements for that downstream so if 979 00:39:04,510 --> 00:39:07,030 you're on this downstream bother you 980 00:39:05,770 --> 00:39:09,460 know if you just came on this downstream 981 00:39:07,030 --> 00:39:12,160 by the way I have these associated up 982 00:39:09,460 --> 00:39:16,270 streams at these set parameters if you 983 00:39:12,160 --> 00:39:17,920 want to talk to me so it goes through 984 00:39:16,270 --> 00:39:20,770 the UCD so now it's scanning through and 985 00:39:17,920 --> 00:39:22,690 it actually finds an upstream upstream 986 00:39:20,770 --> 00:39:24,430 channel descriptor in this case the 987 00:39:22,690 --> 00:39:27,040 upstream channel descriptor is telling 988 00:39:24,430 --> 00:39:30,940 it 33 megahertz is the center frequency 989 00:39:27,040 --> 00:39:32,800 of where you need to be to talk to me on 990 00:39:30,940 --> 00:39:35,800 top of that it's also going to negotiate 991 00:39:32,800 --> 00:39:39,880 other information like modulation 992 00:39:35,800 --> 00:39:43,660 channel with stuff like that okay so 993 00:39:39,880 --> 00:39:44,829 reading process there is there is 994 00:39:43,660 --> 00:39:47,740 something that you also have to 995 00:39:44,829 --> 00:39:49,990 understand too is the cable plant so 996 00:39:47,740 --> 00:39:51,399 when it comes to you comes your 997 00:39:49,990 --> 00:39:53,259 neighbors on fiber when it hits that 998 00:39:51,400 --> 00:39:56,559 node it's either up in the pole in the 999 00:39:53,260 --> 00:39:58,420 pedestal the people that are closer to 1000 00:39:56,559 --> 00:40:00,280 that node this isn't dsl they don't get 1001 00:39:58,420 --> 00:40:01,710 to go faster but their signal 1002 00:40:00,280 --> 00:40:04,510 characteristics will be different then 1003 00:40:01,710 --> 00:40:06,520 the guy further down remember before I 1004 00:40:04,510 --> 00:40:08,049 told you plug something in my plant that 1005 00:40:06,520 --> 00:40:09,790 isn't legitimate and you start trying to 1006 00:40:08,049 --> 00:40:12,369 screw around I can find you well this is 1007 00:40:09,790 --> 00:40:14,470 why you can't come online without 1008 00:40:12,369 --> 00:40:16,569 properly knowing their right timing when 1009 00:40:14,470 --> 00:40:18,549 to say how to say it and you have to 1010 00:40:16,569 --> 00:40:20,619 have an offset so I have to understand 1011 00:40:18,549 --> 00:40:22,299 the furthest modem away I have to be 1012 00:40:20,619 --> 00:40:24,339 explained I have to have built-in delay 1013 00:40:22,299 --> 00:40:26,770 on all transmissions just in case he's 1014 00:40:24,339 --> 00:40:28,119 talking to on the same fact I can also 1015 00:40:26,770 --> 00:40:31,630 figure out the distance on the planet 1016 00:40:28,119 --> 00:40:33,339 through the timing offset but there'll 1017 00:40:31,630 --> 00:40:35,170 be different characteristics to the guy 1018 00:40:33,339 --> 00:40:37,869 that's closer won't have to transmit his 1019 00:40:35,170 --> 00:40:39,430 loud the guy further away down the plant 1020 00:40:37,869 --> 00:40:40,720 the farc a mode he's actually going to 1021 00:40:39,430 --> 00:40:43,779 have to speak a lot louder for me to 1022 00:40:40,720 --> 00:40:45,459 hear him as the CMT s so his transmit 1023 00:40:43,780 --> 00:40:47,549 value in decibels is going to be a lot 1024 00:40:45,460 --> 00:40:50,859 higher than the guy that's closer up 1025 00:40:47,549 --> 00:40:52,569 there are other ways to combat that the 1026 00:40:50,859 --> 00:40:54,130 actual taps they plug your drops in to 1027 00:40:52,569 --> 00:40:55,990 have decibel values and they can change 1028 00:40:54,130 --> 00:40:56,600 the plates dad more attenuation or less 1029 00:40:55,990 --> 00:40:58,490 attenuation 1030 00:40:56,600 --> 00:41:08,270 depending on how far away you are from 1031 00:40:58,490 --> 00:41:09,950 the hfc node typically so hfc know 1032 00:41:08,270 --> 00:41:13,220 typically would provide services 1033 00:41:09,950 --> 00:41:15,439 depending on the cable company and their 1034 00:41:13,220 --> 00:41:16,609 migration plans to kids okay the fact 1035 00:41:15,440 --> 00:41:18,470 the more the fashion that speeds they 1036 00:41:16,610 --> 00:41:22,520 sell you the less customers per node you 1037 00:41:18,470 --> 00:41:24,020 want right I yet to actually be a cable 1038 00:41:22,520 --> 00:41:25,940 company that over subscribes on purpose 1039 00:41:24,020 --> 00:41:28,130 and once to like get ninety percent 1040 00:41:25,940 --> 00:41:32,240 bandwidth utilization per node most the 1041 00:41:28,130 --> 00:41:33,710 time I've seen anywhere from a customer 1042 00:41:32,240 --> 00:41:36,319 recently worked with only had 32 1043 00:41:33,710 --> 00:41:40,130 customers for fiber note the average is 1044 00:41:36,320 --> 00:41:41,630 about 250 to 500 depending ninety 1045 00:41:40,130 --> 00:41:43,640 percent of your users are using no 1046 00:41:41,630 --> 00:41:44,870 bandwidth almost never they're checking 1047 00:41:43,640 --> 00:41:47,960 their email looking at Facebook they're 1048 00:41:44,870 --> 00:41:50,810 not downloading stuff right and that's 1049 00:41:47,960 --> 00:41:52,820 the customers you like they pay you the 1050 00:41:50,810 --> 00:41:54,830 50 70 bucks a month and they don't even 1051 00:41:52,820 --> 00:41:59,750 really use a service then you have the 1052 00:41:54,830 --> 00:42:01,220 people like us we want the cheapest cost 1053 00:41:59,750 --> 00:42:02,560 and we're going to we're going to 1054 00:42:01,220 --> 00:42:04,310 bittorrent that thing until it bleeds 1055 00:42:02,560 --> 00:42:06,200 and we're going to take as much 1056 00:42:04,310 --> 00:42:10,820 bandwidth as we can get out of it we are 1057 00:42:06,200 --> 00:42:12,500 the bad customers so the theory goes you 1058 00:42:10,820 --> 00:42:13,580 know five percent of your babe you know 1059 00:42:12,500 --> 00:42:15,140 one hundred percent of you like ninety 1060 00:42:13,580 --> 00:42:16,759 percent your bandwidth is actually being 1061 00:42:15,140 --> 00:42:18,589 utilized by like the top two percent of 1062 00:42:16,760 --> 00:42:19,970 your customers like only two but here's 1063 00:42:18,590 --> 00:42:21,410 only two it's only like two percent your 1064 00:42:19,970 --> 00:42:23,930 customers are using most your van with 1065 00:42:21,410 --> 00:42:25,790 everybody else is really doing nothing 1066 00:42:23,930 --> 00:42:30,410 they're doing their windows updates and 1067 00:42:25,790 --> 00:42:34,790 like searching on Google so kind of acts 1068 00:42:30,410 --> 00:42:36,529 the rage process so this is debugging 1069 00:42:34,790 --> 00:42:40,700 actually on a cable modem and this is 1070 00:42:36,530 --> 00:42:42,200 basically this is a physical console 1071 00:42:40,700 --> 00:42:44,060 into a cable modem I'm actually looking 1072 00:42:42,200 --> 00:42:45,980 at its process and the messages it does 1073 00:42:44,060 --> 00:42:47,810 i'm watching at each stage as it tries 1074 00:42:45,980 --> 00:42:49,580 to come online and actually get an IP 1075 00:42:47,810 --> 00:42:51,350 address and hit the internet so the 1076 00:42:49,580 --> 00:42:52,670 first stage was it scans the downstream 1077 00:42:51,350 --> 00:42:55,940 it finds a frequency that is actually 1078 00:42:52,670 --> 00:42:57,590 docsis once it finds that downstream it 1079 00:42:55,940 --> 00:42:59,780 waits for a depth stream channel 1080 00:42:57,590 --> 00:43:02,450 descriptor a second ago we found that 33 1081 00:42:59,780 --> 00:43:04,250 megahertz well now in the raging process 1082 00:43:02,450 --> 00:43:07,040 we actually have to work on getting our 1083 00:43:04,250 --> 00:43:09,980 power levels correct so the first thing 1084 00:43:07,040 --> 00:43:13,400 I do as I say the same TS can you 1085 00:43:09,980 --> 00:43:16,100 me and I wait for response on the 1086 00:43:13,400 --> 00:43:17,480 downstream that'll get a response my 1087 00:43:16,100 --> 00:43:20,529 assumption is I didn't speak loud enough 1088 00:43:17,480 --> 00:43:22,910 you can you hear me a little bit louder 1089 00:43:20,530 --> 00:43:27,530 and I keep screaming until finally I get 1090 00:43:22,910 --> 00:43:29,690 a response so in this debug here you see 1091 00:43:27,530 --> 00:43:34,000 that it starts at six TV then it goes to 1092 00:43:29,690 --> 00:43:36,619 nine then 12 then 15 then 18 and then 1093 00:43:34,000 --> 00:43:39,980 write their range response message 1094 00:43:36,619 --> 00:43:41,660 received it got word back that the CHS 1095 00:43:39,980 --> 00:43:43,730 could hear it at that point the same TS 1096 00:43:41,660 --> 00:43:47,540 might say do why you screaming turn your 1097 00:43:43,730 --> 00:43:50,119 level down 6 DB or I can barely hear you 1098 00:43:47,540 --> 00:43:51,920 can you talk a little louder but that's 1099 00:43:50,119 --> 00:43:54,980 arranging process that's ranging state 1100 00:43:51,920 --> 00:43:56,390 which is called in it or one and that's 1101 00:43:54,980 --> 00:43:58,400 just they finally actually had 1102 00:43:56,390 --> 00:44:01,160 communications guess what physical layer 1103 00:43:58,400 --> 00:44:03,320 works ice cream can you hear me the same 1104 00:44:01,160 --> 00:44:08,750 she's came exit I can hear you by the 1105 00:44:03,320 --> 00:44:10,520 way don't yell at me for so the next 1106 00:44:08,750 --> 00:44:12,109 part of it is actually more or less the 1107 00:44:10,520 --> 00:44:13,490 fine-tuning part where he says hey yeah 1108 00:44:12,109 --> 00:44:18,259 I hear you you're too loud you're too 1109 00:44:13,490 --> 00:44:20,540 quiet duo power adjustment for me after 1110 00:44:18,260 --> 00:44:25,010 that's done the last stages ranging 1111 00:44:20,540 --> 00:44:27,529 complete we're good to go now I can talk 1112 00:44:25,010 --> 00:44:29,390 to the cts but I don't know what my you 1113 00:44:27,530 --> 00:44:31,250 know that I don't have an IP address I 1114 00:44:29,390 --> 00:44:34,160 mean I'm a lair to device right now all 1115 00:44:31,250 --> 00:44:36,200 I have is a mac address I don't know 1116 00:44:34,160 --> 00:44:37,430 what my service levels are what's my 1117 00:44:36,200 --> 00:44:40,549 upload and download speeds suppose to be 1118 00:44:37,430 --> 00:44:41,690 set to do I have devices hooked into my 1119 00:44:40,550 --> 00:44:44,030 ethernet port and do they need IP 1120 00:44:41,690 --> 00:44:45,890 addresses so all I've done at this point 1121 00:44:44,030 --> 00:44:48,890 was give the five level activity done 1122 00:44:45,890 --> 00:44:50,990 and now i'm at layer 2 next stage 1123 00:44:48,890 --> 00:44:52,160 familiar to is going to be layer 3 we 1124 00:44:50,990 --> 00:44:54,830 need an IP address we need more 1125 00:44:52,160 --> 00:44:57,649 information so we go into the what's 1126 00:44:54,830 --> 00:44:59,210 called the provisioning stage so in the 1127 00:44:57,650 --> 00:45:00,859 provisioning stage and again i'm just 1128 00:44:59,210 --> 00:45:02,510 going to go a passion a lot of these 1129 00:45:00,859 --> 00:45:04,880 slides because they're going to say what 1130 00:45:02,510 --> 00:45:06,500 I've already said twice probably but and 1131 00:45:04,880 --> 00:45:07,790 the provisioning stage the first thing 1132 00:45:06,500 --> 00:45:11,510 we're going to do is the modem is now 1133 00:45:07,790 --> 00:45:15,350 online but it has not completely 1134 00:45:11,510 --> 00:45:17,930 finished registering so if I'm allure to 1135 00:45:15,350 --> 00:45:20,779 device and I'm in a quote unquote subnet 1136 00:45:17,930 --> 00:45:22,319 or domain right and I need to EGP but 1137 00:45:20,780 --> 00:45:24,299 this guy is actually on another network 1138 00:45:22,319 --> 00:45:26,699 I talk to him as a liar to device can I 1139 00:45:24,299 --> 00:45:31,288 talk to Ken to makana mac address be 1140 00:45:26,699 --> 00:45:33,599 routed know so I have to depend on the 1141 00:45:31,289 --> 00:45:39,839 CMT has to relay my information if the 1142 00:45:33,599 --> 00:45:45,839 dhcp server is somewhere else yes but 1143 00:45:39,839 --> 00:45:49,589 it's called cable helper and the CLI so 1144 00:45:45,839 --> 00:45:52,019 i sent a dhp discover the CMT s realize 1145 00:45:49,589 --> 00:45:53,369 that action out to the dhcp server now 1146 00:45:52,019 --> 00:45:56,069 the dhcp server is directly connected 1147 00:45:53,369 --> 00:45:57,599 the CMT s still wants to be involved it 1148 00:45:56,069 --> 00:46:00,089 wants to know what's going on because at 1149 00:45:57,599 --> 00:46:02,039 the other day there are some security 1150 00:46:00,089 --> 00:46:05,549 issues here we have to make sure the 1151 00:46:02,039 --> 00:46:07,229 correct DSP server is responding so you 1152 00:46:05,549 --> 00:46:08,999 know your normal discover offer received 1153 00:46:07,229 --> 00:46:10,468 the dora process when it comes with dhcp 1154 00:46:08,999 --> 00:46:12,660 so this is going to be a little lame or 1155 00:46:10,469 --> 00:46:17,910 since there yeah I hear you offer offer 1156 00:46:12,660 --> 00:46:21,209 acknowledgement ok so our modem now has 1157 00:46:17,910 --> 00:46:23,368 its IP address which is called an hfc 1158 00:46:21,209 --> 00:46:25,049 address it's normally a 10 or 192 it's a 1159 00:46:23,369 --> 00:46:27,599 private network between the cable modem 1160 00:46:25,049 --> 00:46:31,739 and the CMT s no computers behind it yet 1161 00:46:27,599 --> 00:46:33,390 just the modem itself and the CMT s so 1162 00:46:31,739 --> 00:46:34,529 there's actually two separate networks 1163 00:46:33,390 --> 00:46:36,328 here when you plug your computer in 1164 00:46:34,529 --> 00:46:38,009 you're going over basically a media 1165 00:46:36,329 --> 00:46:40,109 converter but the media converter has 1166 00:46:38,009 --> 00:46:41,579 its own layer 3 connectivity to the CMT 1167 00:46:40,109 --> 00:46:43,469 is the cable modem CFG has have their 1168 00:46:41,579 --> 00:46:45,449 own IP addressing structure over the hfc 1169 00:46:43,469 --> 00:46:48,569 interface or the coaxial cable network 1170 00:46:45,449 --> 00:46:51,119 and then on top of that it passes along 1171 00:46:48,569 --> 00:46:53,219 IP addresses to the customers devices 1172 00:46:51,119 --> 00:46:56,759 your linksys router or whatever d-link 1173 00:46:53,219 --> 00:46:59,719 whatever you have or your computers well 1174 00:46:56,759 --> 00:46:59,719 in the provisioning process 1175 00:47:06,299 --> 00:47:11,788 okay I suppose get through some those 1176 00:47:08,849 --> 00:47:13,199 slices right over the load time but once 1177 00:47:11,789 --> 00:47:14,339 i get the dhp address and i actually 1178 00:47:13,199 --> 00:47:15,959 have an IP address for the cape modem 1179 00:47:14,339 --> 00:47:18,359 itself I need something called tu t or 1180 00:47:15,959 --> 00:47:20,368 time of day and if I ever dealt with the 1181 00:47:18,359 --> 00:47:28,439 time at a server maybe I have any idea 1182 00:47:20,369 --> 00:47:29,609 what that is not that timing there is a 1183 00:47:28,439 --> 00:47:32,459 frequency timing oh that's a little bit 1184 00:47:29,609 --> 00:47:33,929 different the time of day server is kind 1185 00:47:32,459 --> 00:47:35,069 of funny but have you ever turned a 1186 00:47:33,929 --> 00:47:37,289 device on they didn't have a bios 1187 00:47:35,069 --> 00:47:41,189 battery what date did it give you 1188 00:47:37,289 --> 00:47:42,329 something 1970 well the motor was going 1189 00:47:41,189 --> 00:47:44,368 to do that too because it doesn't have a 1190 00:47:42,329 --> 00:47:46,140 bios better anything else so it needs a 1191 00:47:44,369 --> 00:47:48,119 time of day server because any time it 1192 00:47:46,140 --> 00:47:49,709 has a log or an error or an issue it 1193 00:47:48,119 --> 00:47:52,079 saves it to its own little log saw log 1194 00:47:49,709 --> 00:47:53,669 server internally and it's going to have 1195 00:47:52,079 --> 00:47:56,729 to be able to accurately timestamp that 1196 00:47:53,670 --> 00:47:59,719 information so you know if I had a flap 1197 00:47:56,729 --> 00:48:02,819 at this point it's not 1970 was in 2010 1198 00:47:59,719 --> 00:48:04,829 this date this time this millisecond so 1199 00:48:02,819 --> 00:48:08,459 as you're coming up party of a 1200 00:48:04,829 --> 00:48:11,609 provisioning process through RFC 868 is 1201 00:48:08,459 --> 00:48:12,719 a time at a server once you do your time 1202 00:48:11,609 --> 00:48:15,328 at a server then you can move on the 1203 00:48:12,719 --> 00:48:17,880 process the next process is going to be 1204 00:48:15,329 --> 00:48:20,910 the tftp so this is where the cable 1205 00:48:17,880 --> 00:48:24,809 modem is requesting its config file from 1206 00:48:20,910 --> 00:48:26,399 the msos THV server this is going to 1207 00:48:24,809 --> 00:48:28,189 provide the modem information it could 1208 00:48:26,400 --> 00:48:30,689 even be providing it a firmware upgrade 1209 00:48:28,189 --> 00:48:31,828 but this is going to be the upstream and 1210 00:48:30,689 --> 00:48:34,078 downstream filters the caps 1211 00:48:31,829 --> 00:48:36,239 quote-unquote that some people want to 1212 00:48:34,079 --> 00:48:39,719 break it's also going to provide 1213 00:48:36,239 --> 00:48:42,209 protection for the customer you may not 1214 00:48:39,719 --> 00:48:44,039 want your your information and your some 1215 00:48:42,209 --> 00:48:45,928 of your network stuff filtered but it's 1216 00:48:44,039 --> 00:48:48,269 always probably not a bad idea if 1217 00:48:45,929 --> 00:48:51,569 well-known important numbers are blocked 1218 00:48:48,269 --> 00:48:53,008 and i'm not talking about port 80 1219 00:48:51,569 --> 00:48:55,650 because you want to run a web server i'm 1220 00:48:53,009 --> 00:48:57,239 talking about known exploit ports it is 1221 00:48:55,650 --> 00:49:00,420 possible to put in the modems config 1222 00:48:57,239 --> 00:49:02,219 file port filters are a meany access 1223 00:49:00,420 --> 00:49:03,630 control list into it where it knows that 1224 00:49:02,219 --> 00:49:06,599 it doesn't need to speak to the Ten 1225 00:49:03,630 --> 00:49:08,459 Network it knows that it shouldn't go 1226 00:49:06,599 --> 00:49:09,959 here or shouldn't go there they're very 1227 00:49:08,459 --> 00:49:11,759 limited and they're very small and you 1228 00:49:09,959 --> 00:49:12,779 can only put a couple in there but nine 1229 00:49:11,759 --> 00:49:14,699 times out of ten those are there 1230 00:49:12,779 --> 00:49:16,019 actually protect the customer there are 1231 00:49:14,699 --> 00:49:17,660 some service limiting ones you can put 1232 00:49:16,019 --> 00:49:18,919 in there like port 80 and 1233 00:49:17,660 --> 00:49:21,200 keep people for something you actually 1234 00:49:18,920 --> 00:49:22,819 running an email server because we all 1235 00:49:21,200 --> 00:49:25,069 love spam and we want everybody to have 1236 00:49:22,819 --> 00:49:26,270 a spam server but there's some of the 1237 00:49:25,069 --> 00:49:32,180 things that it can be put in the config 1238 00:49:26,270 --> 00:49:34,130 file maximum IP address request is 1239 00:49:32,180 --> 00:49:37,460 another one so if your cable coming only 1240 00:49:34,130 --> 00:49:40,490 gives you one IP the they can actually 1241 00:49:37,460 --> 00:49:42,829 put it in there so if you ever plugged a 1242 00:49:40,490 --> 00:49:43,879 computer into a cable modem you got it 1243 00:49:42,829 --> 00:49:45,349 online everything else that you need to 1244 00:49:43,880 --> 00:49:46,730 switch it over something else and you 1245 00:49:45,349 --> 00:49:48,680 plug it in doesn't work you gotta power 1246 00:49:46,730 --> 00:49:51,559 cycle the thing well because i had a mac 1247 00:49:48,680 --> 00:49:52,700 CP hosts file in there said one and it 1248 00:49:51,559 --> 00:49:53,809 already knows the mac address of the guy 1249 00:49:52,700 --> 00:49:56,210 that was plugged into it so you've got 1250 00:49:53,809 --> 00:50:00,049 to clear it out by resetting it that's 1251 00:49:56,210 --> 00:50:02,359 another thing too so once we actually 1252 00:50:00,049 --> 00:50:06,950 finish the tftp process the last stage 1253 00:50:02,359 --> 00:50:10,279 is actually option files we're not going 1254 00:50:06,950 --> 00:50:13,669 to go into that registration request for 1255 00:50:10,280 --> 00:50:16,579 official response once it finishes its 1256 00:50:13,670 --> 00:50:19,280 registration there is one more stage 1257 00:50:16,579 --> 00:50:22,420 which is BPI initialization baseline 1258 00:50:19,280 --> 00:50:25,460 privacy interface that's the encryption 1259 00:50:22,420 --> 00:50:29,119 so just about every cable company that I 1260 00:50:25,460 --> 00:50:32,180 know of that is decent sized at least is 1261 00:50:29,119 --> 00:50:33,799 running DPI encryption it's free it's 1262 00:50:32,180 --> 00:50:37,339 part of the spec you don't have to run 1263 00:50:33,799 --> 00:50:38,930 it but it's probably a good idea so V 1264 00:50:37,339 --> 00:50:41,930 PIR BPI plus depending on what version 1265 00:50:38,930 --> 00:50:44,538 of docsis baseline privacy interface so 1266 00:50:41,930 --> 00:50:46,180 what is that well basically it's a king 1267 00:50:44,539 --> 00:50:49,880 mechanism where I can encrypt the data 1268 00:50:46,180 --> 00:50:51,740 going down to the customer I can encrypt 1269 00:50:49,880 --> 00:50:54,049 that data so only that modem can 1270 00:50:51,740 --> 00:51:01,038 unencrypted it and read it so there's no 1271 00:50:54,049 --> 00:51:03,259 snooping BPI plus came in docsis 11 and 1272 00:51:01,039 --> 00:51:05,390 then actually added an additional field 1273 00:51:03,260 --> 00:51:06,770 so BPI the baseline privacy interface 1274 00:51:05,390 --> 00:51:09,470 what's Ted up to protect the customers 1275 00:51:06,770 --> 00:51:10,940 privacy you don't people sniffing your 1276 00:51:09,470 --> 00:51:13,578 banking information you can't you can 1277 00:51:10,940 --> 00:51:15,799 sniff on a dog in a data network there's 1278 00:51:13,579 --> 00:51:17,170 ways to do that was talk to DEFCON the 1279 00:51:15,799 --> 00:51:19,490 one thing that I bring up at DEFCON is 1280 00:51:17,170 --> 00:51:24,529 everybody uses BPI so the talk was 1281 00:51:19,490 --> 00:51:28,339 useless but there is BPI plus that came 1282 00:51:24,529 --> 00:51:29,420 with docsis 11 BPI plus went beyond is 1283 00:51:28,339 --> 00:51:30,558 protecting the customer but then 1284 00:51:29,420 --> 00:51:34,950 protecting the cable 1285 00:51:30,559 --> 00:51:38,040 so with BPI it didn't really verify that 1286 00:51:34,950 --> 00:51:39,270 if the device was cloned or not so you 1287 00:51:38,040 --> 00:51:40,529 can have two devices with the same 1288 00:51:39,270 --> 00:51:43,530 magnetars in the network because they 1289 00:51:40,530 --> 00:51:45,390 won't work right so with with depending 1290 00:51:43,530 --> 00:51:46,710 on what vendor feature code you have it 1291 00:51:45,390 --> 00:51:48,210 will ignore the second one or they both 1292 00:51:46,710 --> 00:51:51,359 get on they'll both get knocked off line 1293 00:51:48,210 --> 00:51:52,890 depending on features but with BPI you 1294 00:51:51,359 --> 00:51:54,390 encrypted the data so nobody's getting 1295 00:51:52,890 --> 00:51:56,609 the data stolen but you're not 1296 00:51:54,390 --> 00:51:58,980 preventing theft of service BPI plus 1297 00:51:56,609 --> 00:52:01,230 they actually had the manufacturers 1298 00:51:58,980 --> 00:52:03,359 inject x509certificate into the modems 1299 00:52:01,230 --> 00:52:04,770 firmware that's actually built into the 1300 00:52:03,359 --> 00:52:06,990 modem that's signed with the frequency 1301 00:52:04,770 --> 00:52:08,940 to a root certificate that CA verisign 1302 00:52:06,990 --> 00:52:10,859 approved that's installed in actual CMT 1303 00:52:08,940 --> 00:52:13,319 s so it can verify that's a valid bender 1304 00:52:10,859 --> 00:52:15,900 and there's about device unless you have 1305 00:52:13,319 --> 00:52:17,549 the vendors private key to write your 1306 00:52:15,900 --> 00:52:20,250 own certificates you're not going to 1307 00:52:17,549 --> 00:52:21,180 break it and there's only one way to go 1308 00:52:20,250 --> 00:52:23,430 around that that's called a perfect 1309 00:52:21,180 --> 00:52:25,169 clone and you actually have the physical 1310 00:52:23,430 --> 00:52:26,640 access to somebody else's modem to do a 1311 00:52:25,170 --> 00:52:28,380 perfect clone on it you can't remotely 1312 00:52:26,640 --> 00:52:34,970 steal it the information off their modem 1313 00:52:28,380 --> 00:52:34,970 to replicate it what's that 1314 00:52:37,040 --> 00:52:41,330 now they should be available cablelabs 1315 00:52:39,710 --> 00:52:43,280 is an open standard but you may have to 1316 00:52:41,330 --> 00:52:45,470 be a member to access some of the 1317 00:52:43,280 --> 00:52:46,430 reading documents you can feel free to 1318 00:52:45,470 --> 00:52:48,919 hit me up later if you want some more 1319 00:52:46,430 --> 00:52:50,240 information on it but with dr. Surrey oh 1320 00:52:48,920 --> 00:52:52,940 it's actually they've changed the whole 1321 00:52:50,240 --> 00:52:55,759 idea on it and it's actually 256 AES 1322 00:52:52,940 --> 00:52:57,470 encryption now and the the rekeying can 1323 00:52:55,760 --> 00:53:01,400 be said is as low as every five minutes 1324 00:52:57,470 --> 00:53:04,129 per device so it's going to be really 1325 00:53:01,400 --> 00:53:05,330 hard to break that encryption and most 1326 00:53:04,130 --> 00:53:10,790 of us can't afford the equipment and 1327 00:53:05,330 --> 00:53:13,160 tools to do it the modem is always going 1328 00:53:10,790 --> 00:53:14,840 to be sending communications back the 1329 00:53:13,160 --> 00:53:16,910 CMT should always be asking the modem at 1330 00:53:14,840 --> 00:53:19,370 least every so often how you doing how 1331 00:53:16,910 --> 00:53:20,960 you doing great to know you're there by 1332 00:53:19,370 --> 00:53:22,670 the way your your levels are fine your 1333 00:53:20,960 --> 00:53:24,560 levels need to be adjusted those are 1334 00:53:22,670 --> 00:53:25,910 normal that's normal States and makes 1335 00:53:24,560 --> 00:53:31,670 maintenance functionality it's almost 1336 00:53:25,910 --> 00:53:33,680 like a heartbeat that's what I just said 1337 00:53:31,670 --> 00:53:36,350 right there maintenance so at least one 1338 00:53:33,680 --> 00:53:39,680 every 30 seconds it's expecting to see 1339 00:53:36,350 --> 00:53:43,310 each modem in the plan what they didn't 1340 00:53:39,680 --> 00:53:46,069 touch so the VXR I have upstairs the CMT 1341 00:53:43,310 --> 00:53:50,420 s i have upstairs the 7046 txr is 1342 00:53:46,070 --> 00:53:52,850 capable of supporting easily 5000 modems 1343 00:53:50,420 --> 00:53:54,500 off that one device I have and that's 1344 00:53:52,850 --> 00:53:56,150 the small one the one I normally work 1345 00:53:54,500 --> 00:54:01,940 with my customers on is the cisco ten 1346 00:53:56,150 --> 00:54:05,540 thousand twelve or called 10k 64,000 1347 00:54:01,940 --> 00:54:07,070 cable modems / chassis but if you're 1348 00:54:05,540 --> 00:54:09,259 providing any real service you're going 1349 00:54:07,070 --> 00:54:12,950 to probably have it around 20,000 to 1350 00:54:09,260 --> 00:54:13,880 30,000 so the way negress ports and some 1351 00:54:12,950 --> 00:54:16,730 of the newer stuff of doctors here 1352 00:54:13,880 --> 00:54:19,640 because you're increasing the increase 1353 00:54:16,730 --> 00:54:22,310 in the speed per customer you went from 1354 00:54:19,640 --> 00:54:23,900 having gig ports on the actual box to 1355 00:54:22,310 --> 00:54:27,080 having 10 gig interfaces and multiple to 1356 00:54:23,900 --> 00:54:31,460 engage interfaces so I'm just about out 1357 00:54:27,080 --> 00:54:35,480 of time this is just a customer getting 1358 00:54:31,460 --> 00:54:37,520 the IP address yeah product overview of 1359 00:54:35,480 --> 00:54:42,020 me this is a picture of the device I've 1360 00:54:37,520 --> 00:54:46,460 upstairs this is the 10k 10000 series it 1361 00:54:42,020 --> 00:54:49,250 has has eight line cards over here and 1362 00:54:46,460 --> 00:54:50,900 these are five by 20s or 20 by 20 so 1363 00:54:49,250 --> 00:54:52,970 five down stream's 20 up streams or 20 1364 00:54:50,900 --> 00:54:54,770 up streams 20 down stream's then on top 1365 00:54:52,970 --> 00:54:57,500 of that there's the ability to do what's 1366 00:54:54,770 --> 00:54:59,600 called MC mts modular see if yes we're 1367 00:54:57,500 --> 00:55:01,700 through the when the high-capacity Wayne 1368 00:54:59,600 --> 00:55:03,980 card slots I can actually put it was 1369 00:55:01,700 --> 00:55:05,779 called a spa or sip a spa adapter and 1370 00:55:03,980 --> 00:55:08,450 then I can buy these little koala 1371 00:55:05,780 --> 00:55:10,100 modulator and i can add like 24 channels 1372 00:55:08,450 --> 00:55:11,750 per one you and just start stacking them 1373 00:55:10,100 --> 00:55:15,170 and add 24 more down terms on top of 1374 00:55:11,750 --> 00:55:16,670 that so it's gotten more cost effective 1375 00:55:15,170 --> 00:55:18,170 to be a cable company with these newer 1376 00:55:16,670 --> 00:55:21,770 technologies the cost has come down a 1377 00:55:18,170 --> 00:55:23,270 lot to any questions at this time this 1378 00:55:21,770 --> 00:55:29,110 is all product literature stuff so it's 1379 00:55:23,270 --> 00:55:29,110 not really too deep good 1380 00:55:34,080 --> 00:55:39,000 no if if the cable company one to pull 1381 00:55:37,170 --> 00:55:40,800 the logs off your modem which it doesn't 1382 00:55:39,000 --> 00:55:41,940 contain anything sensitive it's just 1383 00:55:40,800 --> 00:55:43,560 signal levels and when it misses a 1384 00:55:41,940 --> 00:55:47,130 maintenance they would have to pull that 1385 00:55:43,560 --> 00:55:48,420 SNMP so docsis standard says that even 1386 00:55:47,130 --> 00:55:50,010 though you have a motive of your house 1387 00:55:48,420 --> 00:55:51,510 it's actually responsibility cable 1388 00:55:50,010 --> 00:55:52,920 company to maintain that device for you 1389 00:55:51,510 --> 00:55:54,420 you're not allowed to upgrade the 1390 00:55:52,920 --> 00:55:56,540 firmware on your own and only it can be 1391 00:55:54,420 --> 00:55:58,860 done through the docsis interface but 1392 00:55:56,540 --> 00:56:00,240 the cable companies also determining the 1393 00:55:58,860 --> 00:56:01,380 quality of the network through what it 1394 00:56:00,240 --> 00:56:03,029 gets back from each of the modem so 1395 00:56:01,380 --> 00:56:05,820 ninety percent of people don't turn the 1396 00:56:03,030 --> 00:56:06,900 modems off that they actually use that 1397 00:56:05,820 --> 00:56:09,270 to scale to make sure that there's no 1398 00:56:06,900 --> 00:56:10,590 outages by seeing those online motives 1399 00:56:09,270 --> 00:56:18,200 because they're talking every 30 seconds 1400 00:56:10,590 --> 00:56:18,200 anyway what's that 1401 00:56:23,910 --> 00:56:28,890 they're pretty generic it depends on the 1402 00:56:26,369 --> 00:56:30,240 vendor but there's not a lot you can do 1403 00:56:28,890 --> 00:56:31,470 there it's going to trigger anything if 1404 00:56:30,240 --> 00:56:33,569 you're really screwing with your modem 1405 00:56:31,470 --> 00:56:36,029 they're already going to see for the 1406 00:56:33,569 --> 00:56:38,970 most part because your config file 1407 00:56:36,030 --> 00:56:40,230 either one you don't have a x509 private 1408 00:56:38,970 --> 00:56:44,220 key from the vendor so you're not going 1409 00:56:40,230 --> 00:56:45,650 to modify that too if you change your 1410 00:56:44,220 --> 00:56:48,240 bin file name they're going to see it 1411 00:56:45,650 --> 00:56:49,799 because they're talking every 30 seconds 1412 00:56:48,240 --> 00:56:51,930 so I know what's going on so the changes 1413 00:56:49,799 --> 00:56:54,210 even beyond signal level I can easily 1414 00:56:51,930 --> 00:56:56,640 pull that plus if you tried to clone a 1415 00:56:54,210 --> 00:56:59,490 device one you would have to be on a 1416 00:56:56,640 --> 00:57:00,960 different CMT s and I would see where 1417 00:56:59,490 --> 00:57:02,220 you were and I would see your signal 1418 00:57:00,960 --> 00:57:03,809 characteristics like it pretty much 1419 00:57:02,220 --> 00:57:05,578 guess where you're at physically in the 1420 00:57:03,809 --> 00:57:07,380 real world I could overlay my cable 1421 00:57:05,579 --> 00:57:09,150 plant over google maps and then have a 1422 00:57:07,380 --> 00:57:10,980 little dot show up like right your house 1423 00:57:09,150 --> 00:57:12,329 the only time they get so slightly 1424 00:57:10,980 --> 00:57:14,660 difficult when it's an apartment complex 1425 00:57:12,329 --> 00:57:27,569 because the houses are so close together 1426 00:57:14,660 --> 00:57:31,910 I'm out of time so thank you and room 1427 00:57:27,569 --> 00:57:31,910 226 six o'clock related