1 00:00:01,730 --> 00:00:10,780 [Music] 2 00:00:10,780 --> 00:00:12,710 [Applause] 3 00:00:12,710 --> 00:00:28,560 [Music] 4 00:00:28,560 --> 00:00:30,630 [Applause] 5 00:00:30,630 --> 00:00:36,880 [Music] 6 00:00:36,880 --> 00:00:38,640 ladies and gentlemen 7 00:00:38,640 --> 00:00:40,559 please welcome the moderator of the 8 00:00:40,559 --> 00:00:45,839 session rachel rizzo 9 00:00:55,630 --> 00:00:59,020 [Music] 10 00:01:03,359 --> 00:01:05,600 good afternoon good afternoon everyone i 11 00:01:05,600 --> 00:01:07,280 think everyone can hear me 12 00:01:07,280 --> 00:01:09,920 um welcome to day two of globe sec it's 13 00:01:09,920 --> 00:01:12,320 an honor to be with everyone today 14 00:01:12,320 --> 00:01:14,240 i can see our speakers up here calling 15 00:01:14,240 --> 00:01:15,920 in from zoom so we'll go ahead and get 16 00:01:15,920 --> 00:01:17,200 started 17 00:01:17,200 --> 00:01:18,799 today this afternoon we are talking 18 00:01:18,799 --> 00:01:20,320 about the intersection 19 00:01:20,320 --> 00:01:23,520 of climate and security 20 00:01:23,520 --> 00:01:25,759 if you've paid attention to many of the 21 00:01:25,759 --> 00:01:26,799 agendas 22 00:01:26,799 --> 00:01:30,079 at multilateral institutions at 23 00:01:30,079 --> 00:01:31,680 many defense departments around the 24 00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:33,280 world the 25 00:01:33,280 --> 00:01:36,479 increasing intersection between climate 26 00:01:36,479 --> 00:01:38,880 and national security and international 27 00:01:38,880 --> 00:01:40,320 cooperation is becoming ever more 28 00:01:40,320 --> 00:01:41,200 apparent 29 00:01:41,200 --> 00:01:43,200 and so today we have a fantastic panel 30 00:01:43,200 --> 00:01:44,960 to discuss just that 31 00:01:44,960 --> 00:01:46,960 first i'd like to go ahead and present 32 00:01:46,960 --> 00:01:49,119 kate guy who is a senior research fellow 33 00:01:49,119 --> 00:01:50,720 at the center for climate and security 34 00:01:50,720 --> 00:01:51,680 in washington dc 35 00:01:51,680 --> 00:01:55,520 welcome um up on the screen there we 36 00:01:55,520 --> 00:01:56,000 have 37 00:01:56,000 --> 00:01:58,320 uh johnny vivekananda who is the head of 38 00:01:58,320 --> 00:01:59,920 the climate and diplomacy 39 00:01:59,920 --> 00:02:02,479 or the uh the head of the climate 40 00:02:02,479 --> 00:02:04,159 diplomacy and security program 41 00:02:04,159 --> 00:02:07,040 at adelphi in berlin hi johnny good to 42 00:02:07,040 --> 00:02:08,080 see you 43 00:02:08,080 --> 00:02:10,959 we have alexander verabeak who is the 44 00:02:10,959 --> 00:02:12,560 policy director 45 00:02:12,560 --> 00:02:14,560 the environment and development resource 46 00:02:14,560 --> 00:02:16,720 center in brussels nice to see you 47 00:02:16,720 --> 00:02:17,920 alexander 48 00:02:17,920 --> 00:02:19,440 and we have brian moran who's vice 49 00:02:19,440 --> 00:02:21,040 president of global sustainability and 50 00:02:21,040 --> 00:02:23,520 policy and partnership at boeing 51 00:02:23,520 --> 00:02:26,000 brian it's nice to see you as well so 52 00:02:26,000 --> 00:02:28,640 let's go ahead and get started 53 00:02:28,640 --> 00:02:30,319 alexander i'm going to go ahead and turn 54 00:02:30,319 --> 00:02:32,080 it right to you because 55 00:02:32,080 --> 00:02:34,400 we just had a very important meeting 56 00:02:34,400 --> 00:02:36,800 last weekend of g7 leaders 57 00:02:36,800 --> 00:02:39,519 in cornwall and i noticed that you wrote 58 00:02:39,519 --> 00:02:40,319 something 59 00:02:40,319 --> 00:02:41,920 and you mentioned that you were 60 00:02:41,920 --> 00:02:43,599 disappointed in a way 61 00:02:43,599 --> 00:02:45,680 in the climate outcomes of that 62 00:02:45,680 --> 00:02:46,879 particular meeting 63 00:02:46,879 --> 00:02:48,720 can you expand on that a little bit and 64 00:02:48,720 --> 00:02:50,160 to tell us what would you have 65 00:02:50,160 --> 00:02:51,920 what you would have liked to see 66 00:02:51,920 --> 00:02:54,000 especially in terms of the intersection 67 00:02:54,000 --> 00:02:57,760 of climate and security at the g7 68 00:02:57,920 --> 00:03:00,640 yes i think the essence of what i wrote 69 00:03:00,640 --> 00:03:01,360 is that 70 00:03:01,360 --> 00:03:04,400 g7 ended up with lots of of good 71 00:03:04,400 --> 00:03:06,159 intentions 72 00:03:06,159 --> 00:03:08,560 things you can't disagree with speaking 73 00:03:08,560 --> 00:03:10,720 about moving towards a green economy 74 00:03:10,720 --> 00:03:14,080 and help poor countries and those kind 75 00:03:14,080 --> 00:03:15,840 of good intentions intentions i 76 00:03:15,840 --> 00:03:18,319 i only missed the thoughts and prayers 77 00:03:18,319 --> 00:03:19,920 but what you really need 78 00:03:19,920 --> 00:03:23,040 is very clear time frames of of phasing 79 00:03:23,040 --> 00:03:23,840 out 80 00:03:23,840 --> 00:03:27,760 fossil fuels and and and the financing 81 00:03:27,760 --> 00:03:28,080 to 82 00:03:28,080 --> 00:03:31,200 to back all these ambitions so what they 83 00:03:31,200 --> 00:03:32,000 have now 84 00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:35,840 is a commitment to end the financing 85 00:03:35,840 --> 00:03:39,519 of um overseas investment of coal 86 00:03:39,519 --> 00:03:41,440 but if you listen to the international 87 00:03:41,440 --> 00:03:44,319 energy agency and that is not 88 00:03:44,319 --> 00:03:48,239 um some kind of of activistic um 89 00:03:48,239 --> 00:03:50,959 green organization this used to be until 90 00:03:50,959 --> 00:03:52,959 very recently the darling of the fossil 91 00:03:52,959 --> 00:03:54,560 fuel industry 92 00:03:54,560 --> 00:03:57,040 they say we should end all investments 93 00:03:57,040 --> 00:03:58,159 in all 94 00:03:58,159 --> 00:04:01,360 fossil fuel projects not only coal so 95 00:04:01,360 --> 00:04:04,959 it's um it's too little and too late 96 00:04:04,959 --> 00:04:08,319 and and we need much higher ambitions 97 00:04:08,319 --> 00:04:12,319 and and treat um this emergency 98 00:04:12,319 --> 00:04:15,360 as an emergency and not as some kind of 99 00:04:15,360 --> 00:04:17,199 new policy we should work on in the 100 00:04:17,199 --> 00:04:19,120 years to come 101 00:04:19,120 --> 00:04:21,839 absolutely i'm gonna ask kate to expand 102 00:04:21,839 --> 00:04:23,600 on that but before i do i realized that 103 00:04:23,600 --> 00:04:24,880 at the beginning i forgot to let 104 00:04:24,880 --> 00:04:25,759 everyone know 105 00:04:25,759 --> 00:04:28,240 that we are using slido for questions so 106 00:04:28,240 --> 00:04:29,919 if you have questions that you'd like to 107 00:04:29,919 --> 00:04:32,240 to ask the panelists um you can either 108 00:04:32,240 --> 00:04:33,919 do that at the microphone when we get to 109 00:04:33,919 --> 00:04:35,840 the q a section or ask on slido so 110 00:04:35,840 --> 00:04:36,880 wanted to make sure 111 00:04:36,880 --> 00:04:39,120 we had that uh point of order before we 112 00:04:39,120 --> 00:04:40,240 go ahead and dive in 113 00:04:40,240 --> 00:04:42,720 um kate coming to you will you expand a 114 00:04:42,720 --> 00:04:44,479 little bit on what alexander 115 00:04:44,479 --> 00:04:47,280 uh was saying about about this meeting 116 00:04:47,280 --> 00:04:48,080 and 117 00:04:48,080 --> 00:04:51,120 um to expand it a little bit i mean the 118 00:04:51,120 --> 00:04:53,600 role of multinational institutions like 119 00:04:53,600 --> 00:04:55,440 the eu like nato 120 00:04:55,440 --> 00:04:57,040 when it comes to when it comes to 121 00:04:57,040 --> 00:04:59,280 climate and international security i 122 00:04:59,280 --> 00:04:59,840 mean 123 00:04:59,840 --> 00:05:02,240 there's obviously a role there what is 124 00:05:02,240 --> 00:05:02,960 it and 125 00:05:02,960 --> 00:05:05,199 how can international or different 126 00:05:05,199 --> 00:05:06,720 countries that might have 127 00:05:06,720 --> 00:05:08,080 different approaches to climate 128 00:05:08,080 --> 00:05:09,759 different goals how does that sort of 129 00:05:09,759 --> 00:05:10,960 manifest itself 130 00:05:10,960 --> 00:05:13,039 in these multinational institutions yeah 131 00:05:13,039 --> 00:05:15,280 so it's it's a great segue from what 132 00:05:15,280 --> 00:05:16,960 alexander was just saying because he was 133 00:05:16,960 --> 00:05:17,840 speaking about 134 00:05:17,840 --> 00:05:20,479 the urgent need to mitigate to make 135 00:05:20,479 --> 00:05:21,680 stronger commitments 136 00:05:21,680 --> 00:05:23,039 to do something about the climate 137 00:05:23,039 --> 00:05:25,600 problem and unfortunately we've sort of 138 00:05:25,600 --> 00:05:26,479 left it go 139 00:05:26,479 --> 00:05:29,039 so far that now the doing something is 140 00:05:29,039 --> 00:05:30,000 increasingly 141 00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:31,600 security actors having to do something 142 00:05:31,600 --> 00:05:33,600 about the problem because we're seeing 143 00:05:33,600 --> 00:05:36,080 more and more climate destabilization 144 00:05:36,080 --> 00:05:38,400 lead to the destabilization of 145 00:05:38,400 --> 00:05:40,960 local environments and places with 146 00:05:40,960 --> 00:05:42,560 histories and legacies of conflict 147 00:05:42,560 --> 00:05:43,520 around the world 148 00:05:43,520 --> 00:05:45,759 and unfortunately the the longer we wait 149 00:05:45,759 --> 00:05:46,960 to do something about the climate 150 00:05:46,960 --> 00:05:48,400 problem the worst we know 151 00:05:48,400 --> 00:05:50,240 these futures become there's 152 00:05:50,240 --> 00:05:52,080 increasingly incredible 153 00:05:52,080 --> 00:05:55,039 uh analysis done by by groups like mine 154 00:05:55,039 --> 00:05:56,800 the center for climate security adelphi 155 00:05:56,800 --> 00:05:58,960 with uh johnny and others around the 156 00:05:58,960 --> 00:06:00,080 world looking at 157 00:06:00,080 --> 00:06:03,520 how bad things get even at just 158 00:06:03,520 --> 00:06:05,600 a half a degree more of warming the 159 00:06:05,600 --> 00:06:07,520 security consequences of that 160 00:06:07,520 --> 00:06:09,759 are are sort of out of control let alone 161 00:06:09,759 --> 00:06:11,440 the trajectory that we're on 162 00:06:11,440 --> 00:06:14,400 so the exciting thing i guess is that 163 00:06:14,400 --> 00:06:15,840 you have increasingly 164 00:06:15,840 --> 00:06:18,479 ministry of defense political leaders 165 00:06:18,479 --> 00:06:18,960 and 166 00:06:18,960 --> 00:06:23,039 uh like the alliance earlier this week 167 00:06:23,039 --> 00:06:24,880 understanding that these are security 168 00:06:24,880 --> 00:06:26,560 problems that need to be central to 169 00:06:26,560 --> 00:06:27,919 security strategies 170 00:06:27,919 --> 00:06:29,840 that is quite new right uh we've been 171 00:06:29,840 --> 00:06:31,440 sort of banging on about the 172 00:06:31,440 --> 00:06:33,840 the security climate intersection for 173 00:06:33,840 --> 00:06:35,199 quite a while now 174 00:06:35,199 --> 00:06:37,919 only within the last uh year to past few 175 00:06:37,919 --> 00:06:38,639 months i think 176 00:06:38,639 --> 00:06:40,560 our political leaders waking up and 177 00:06:40,560 --> 00:06:42,800 realizing this is not just a side issue 178 00:06:42,800 --> 00:06:43,680 for discussion 179 00:06:43,680 --> 00:06:46,560 in the unf triple c in in the cop 180 00:06:46,560 --> 00:06:47,199 process 181 00:06:47,199 --> 00:06:48,960 this is actually a central security 182 00:06:48,960 --> 00:06:51,039 tenant so you have you seen the biden 183 00:06:51,039 --> 00:06:52,240 administration saying this will be 184 00:06:52,240 --> 00:06:53,440 central to our national 185 00:06:53,440 --> 00:06:55,520 security and defense strategy nato's 186 00:06:55,520 --> 00:06:57,520 commitment and action plan earlier this 187 00:06:57,520 --> 00:06:57,840 week 188 00:06:57,840 --> 00:07:00,080 is huge in terms of pledging investment 189 00:07:00,080 --> 00:07:01,919 and and cooperation a new center for 190 00:07:01,919 --> 00:07:03,199 excellence in canada 191 00:07:03,199 --> 00:07:05,280 uh these are sort of hot off the press 192 00:07:05,280 --> 00:07:06,560 commitments but they're actually 193 00:07:06,560 --> 00:07:08,400 uh sort of revolutionary in thinking 194 00:07:08,400 --> 00:07:10,400 about the problem multinationally 195 00:07:10,400 --> 00:07:12,720 thank you johnny i'd like to turn to you 196 00:07:12,720 --> 00:07:14,080 to to expand 197 00:07:14,080 --> 00:07:16,479 a little bit on on what what kate was 198 00:07:16,479 --> 00:07:18,000 saying i mean you've done a lot of work 199 00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:19,440 on this in terms of how you're thinking 200 00:07:19,440 --> 00:07:21,120 about multinational institutions could 201 00:07:21,120 --> 00:07:22,639 you um expand a little bit on her 202 00:07:22,639 --> 00:07:24,880 comments please 203 00:07:24,880 --> 00:07:27,919 yeah thanks um absolutely okay uh 204 00:07:27,919 --> 00:07:30,960 uh rachel i think um 205 00:07:30,960 --> 00:07:33,840 i i'd agree with what what kate's set 206 00:07:33,840 --> 00:07:34,720 out and i think 207 00:07:34,720 --> 00:07:37,120 also there's there's there's something 208 00:07:37,120 --> 00:07:39,360 like a symbolic significance as well 209 00:07:39,360 --> 00:07:41,360 with multilateral 210 00:07:41,360 --> 00:07:44,879 institutions and entities like nato um 211 00:07:44,879 --> 00:07:47,199 making such statements people might not 212 00:07:47,199 --> 00:07:48,879 be satisfied with the 213 00:07:48,879 --> 00:07:51,440 the meat of what the g7 has come out 214 00:07:51,440 --> 00:07:52,160 with 215 00:07:52,160 --> 00:07:55,840 or be um frustrated that there's no kind 216 00:07:55,840 --> 00:07:56,160 of 217 00:07:56,160 --> 00:07:59,039 timeline or an endpoint or nothing 218 00:07:59,039 --> 00:08:00,879 specifically measurable in the nato 219 00:08:00,879 --> 00:08:02,639 climate action plan that was launched 220 00:08:02,639 --> 00:08:05,280 uh on monday climate security action 221 00:08:05,280 --> 00:08:06,400 plan that was launched on monday but i 222 00:08:06,400 --> 00:08:07,280 think there's a real 223 00:08:07,280 --> 00:08:09,840 um symbolic significance of uh 224 00:08:09,840 --> 00:08:11,360 institutions like nato 225 00:08:11,360 --> 00:08:15,039 like the eu like the g7 um 226 00:08:15,039 --> 00:08:17,039 making climate change but also climate 227 00:08:17,039 --> 00:08:18,080 change and security 228 00:08:18,080 --> 00:08:21,280 uh central to um to their agendas at the 229 00:08:21,280 --> 00:08:21,840 moment 230 00:08:21,840 --> 00:08:23,360 but also on a more practical level i 231 00:08:23,360 --> 00:08:25,440 think there's there's a value in what 232 00:08:25,440 --> 00:08:27,039 they are doing whilst they're not kind 233 00:08:27,039 --> 00:08:27,440 of 234 00:08:27,440 --> 00:08:29,120 at that point where the rubber can hit 235 00:08:29,120 --> 00:08:30,319 the road and they can get down to 236 00:08:30,319 --> 00:08:31,680 operations 237 00:08:31,680 --> 00:08:34,240 there is um i think quite substantive 238 00:08:34,240 --> 00:08:34,719 action 239 00:08:34,719 --> 00:08:37,039 in at the strategic level where there's 240 00:08:37,039 --> 00:08:38,880 there are efforts to integrate 241 00:08:38,880 --> 00:08:41,599 climate security considerations into 242 00:08:41,599 --> 00:08:43,200 strategic planning 243 00:08:43,200 --> 00:08:46,240 if you look at the eu's road map 244 00:08:46,240 --> 00:08:48,240 its climate change and defense roadmap 245 00:08:48,240 --> 00:08:50,000 that it launched last year 246 00:08:50,000 --> 00:08:52,640 it specifically looks to integrate 247 00:08:52,640 --> 00:08:54,320 climate change into all defense actions 248 00:08:54,320 --> 00:08:55,440 across the eu 249 00:08:55,440 --> 00:08:57,200 by increasing its understanding of 250 00:08:57,200 --> 00:08:59,920 security implications of climate change 251 00:08:59,920 --> 00:09:01,600 uh increasing its understanding of how 252 00:09:01,600 --> 00:09:03,279 climate change affects its missions 253 00:09:03,279 --> 00:09:07,040 um now and in the future and then in 254 00:09:07,040 --> 00:09:08,640 uh addressing a better understanding and 255 00:09:08,640 --> 00:09:10,640 then addressing um the infrastructure 256 00:09:10,640 --> 00:09:11,680 side of things how it 257 00:09:11,680 --> 00:09:13,760 has to improve infrastructure to 258 00:09:13,760 --> 00:09:15,440 effectively carry out sustainable 259 00:09:15,440 --> 00:09:16,240 missions 260 00:09:16,240 --> 00:09:17,839 so you know they're building it into 261 00:09:17,839 --> 00:09:19,680 that that knowledge interest 262 00:09:19,680 --> 00:09:21,920 strategy and then you you need that 263 00:09:21,920 --> 00:09:23,360 knowledge before you can get down to 264 00:09:23,360 --> 00:09:25,120 operations yes we do also be 265 00:09:25,120 --> 00:09:26,720 uh need to be acting at the operational 266 00:09:26,720 --> 00:09:28,399 level but um 267 00:09:28,399 --> 00:09:31,760 i think the strategic um piece is 268 00:09:31,760 --> 00:09:34,959 is really um something to be 269 00:09:34,959 --> 00:09:37,120 lauded as well and we see that in the in 270 00:09:37,120 --> 00:09:39,760 the nato declaration in the nato 271 00:09:39,760 --> 00:09:42,000 action plan as well but then also if you 272 00:09:42,000 --> 00:09:43,519 look at uh institutions like 273 00:09:43,519 --> 00:09:47,040 the un system they're also quite um 274 00:09:47,040 --> 00:09:48,720 substantive steps taken there not you 275 00:09:48,720 --> 00:09:50,720 know not as far as we want it to be 276 00:09:50,720 --> 00:09:53,360 but uh the the un just a few years ago 277 00:09:53,360 --> 00:09:54,560 about three years ago established the 278 00:09:54,560 --> 00:09:56,160 climate security mechanism 279 00:09:56,160 --> 00:09:59,120 which um essentially is a an 280 00:09:59,120 --> 00:10:00,320 institutional home 281 00:10:00,320 --> 00:10:02,399 for this issue of climate security which 282 00:10:02,399 --> 00:10:03,839 was um 283 00:10:03,839 --> 00:10:05,360 nomadic and therefore was falling 284 00:10:05,360 --> 00:10:07,040 between the cracks within the u.n system 285 00:10:07,040 --> 00:10:07,920 between you know it wasn't the 286 00:10:07,920 --> 00:10:10,480 responsibility of any one single agency 287 00:10:10,480 --> 00:10:13,680 and now there is this um mechanism which 288 00:10:13,680 --> 00:10:15,839 um it's the kind of the clearinghouse 289 00:10:15,839 --> 00:10:18,079 the the the filter uh 290 00:10:18,079 --> 00:10:20,320 and the the part of the un system that 291 00:10:20,320 --> 00:10:22,399 is responsible for ensuring that 292 00:10:22,399 --> 00:10:26,399 this issue is um cross-fertilized and 293 00:10:26,399 --> 00:10:28,000 then disseminated to all the relevant 294 00:10:28,000 --> 00:10:29,360 agencies that need to be 295 00:10:29,360 --> 00:10:32,000 um acting on this so i think i think 296 00:10:32,000 --> 00:10:34,000 this there is some real practical value 297 00:10:34,000 --> 00:10:37,200 and and this of this these multilateral 298 00:10:37,200 --> 00:10:38,240 initiatives 299 00:10:38,240 --> 00:10:40,880 which then need to be kind of need to 300 00:10:40,880 --> 00:10:42,079 filter down into the 301 00:10:42,079 --> 00:10:44,160 the very practical operational steps at 302 00:10:44,160 --> 00:10:46,720 a more localized level 303 00:10:46,720 --> 00:10:48,480 thank you brian i'd like to bring you 304 00:10:48,480 --> 00:10:49,760 into the conversation 305 00:10:49,760 --> 00:10:52,160 um you know coming from boeing in in the 306 00:10:52,160 --> 00:10:53,360 private sector 307 00:10:53,360 --> 00:10:54,800 seems like this is really where the 308 00:10:54,800 --> 00:10:56,480 rubber meets the road in 309 00:10:56,480 --> 00:11:00,160 in terms of ensuring that the climate 310 00:11:00,160 --> 00:11:02,800 and you know reducing emissions is 311 00:11:02,800 --> 00:11:03,920 something that 312 00:11:03,920 --> 00:11:05,680 organizations are are thinking about and 313 00:11:05,680 --> 00:11:07,120 taking into consideration 314 00:11:07,120 --> 00:11:09,680 when making their plans especially for a 315 00:11:09,680 --> 00:11:10,800 global company so 316 00:11:10,800 --> 00:11:13,519 how is it that boeing is thinking about 317 00:11:13,519 --> 00:11:14,560 um 318 00:11:14,560 --> 00:11:17,200 you know working with the defense sector 319 00:11:17,200 --> 00:11:18,160 to 320 00:11:18,160 --> 00:11:20,560 reducing global global gas emissions 321 00:11:20,560 --> 00:11:22,000 from from from from where you're sitting 322 00:11:22,000 --> 00:11:24,320 what does that look like 323 00:11:24,320 --> 00:11:26,000 yeah hey thanks rachel and also thanks 324 00:11:26,000 --> 00:11:28,000 to globestech for for having us 325 00:11:28,000 --> 00:11:29,920 on this panel um it's an honor to be 326 00:11:29,920 --> 00:11:32,240 here um look we have a vital role to 327 00:11:32,240 --> 00:11:34,720 play in decarbonizing aerospace and 328 00:11:34,720 --> 00:11:37,279 we're hard at work in doing so so at 329 00:11:37,279 --> 00:11:38,800 boeing we want to be a trusted partner 330 00:11:38,800 --> 00:11:40,560 and we want to be transparent and 331 00:11:40,560 --> 00:11:40,959 bringing 332 00:11:40,959 --> 00:11:43,360 innovative solutions to our uh customers 333 00:11:43,360 --> 00:11:44,800 and that's on the commercial side 334 00:11:44,800 --> 00:11:47,120 as well as on the defense side i think 335 00:11:47,120 --> 00:11:48,800 the good news is that 336 00:11:48,800 --> 00:11:50,399 operational effectiveness and 337 00:11:50,399 --> 00:11:52,480 sustainability support each other 338 00:11:52,480 --> 00:11:54,320 they're really two sides of the same 339 00:11:54,320 --> 00:11:55,200 coin and 340 00:11:55,200 --> 00:11:56,880 you know i think as kate and janani said 341 00:11:56,880 --> 00:11:58,480 there's some real momentum right now 342 00:11:58,480 --> 00:11:59,839 on the commercial side if you look at 343 00:11:59,839 --> 00:12:02,480 all the declarations it's a hit net zero 344 00:12:02,480 --> 00:12:04,399 by the middle of the century and even 345 00:12:04,399 --> 00:12:06,079 coming out of nato this week um i think 346 00:12:06,079 --> 00:12:07,279 as kate said 347 00:12:07,279 --> 00:12:08,880 um there's there's a lot of forward 348 00:12:08,880 --> 00:12:10,480 progress and it'll always be a team 349 00:12:10,480 --> 00:12:12,000 sport between industry 350 00:12:12,000 --> 00:12:14,399 and government uh real quickly how we 351 00:12:14,399 --> 00:12:16,240 look at at decarbonizing aerospace it 352 00:12:16,240 --> 00:12:17,920 really falls into four buckets and i'd 353 00:12:17,920 --> 00:12:19,120 love to elaborate later 354 00:12:19,120 --> 00:12:20,480 on how that might be relevant for the 355 00:12:20,480 --> 00:12:22,480 for the military but it's first it's 356 00:12:22,480 --> 00:12:23,440 fleet renewal 357 00:12:23,440 --> 00:12:26,000 right taking less efficient products and 358 00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:27,120 airplanes out of 359 00:12:27,120 --> 00:12:29,519 the fleets and replacing them with more 360 00:12:29,519 --> 00:12:30,880 efficient airplanes makes sense four 361 00:12:30,880 --> 00:12:32,480 engines to two engines 362 00:12:32,480 --> 00:12:34,160 on the operations side it's the second 363 00:12:34,160 --> 00:12:36,639 pillar using digital tools 364 00:12:36,639 --> 00:12:38,639 using analytics to fly more efficiently 365 00:12:38,639 --> 00:12:40,160 to operate more efficiently whether it's 366 00:12:40,160 --> 00:12:42,000 in the or on the ground 367 00:12:42,000 --> 00:12:44,399 and then thirdly renewable energy and i 368 00:12:44,399 --> 00:12:45,920 think that is perhaps even though we 369 00:12:45,920 --> 00:12:47,279 always say there's no silver bullet but 370 00:12:47,279 --> 00:12:48,800 if you're looking for one 371 00:12:48,800 --> 00:12:51,279 it may be sustainable aviation fuels are 372 00:12:51,279 --> 00:12:53,279 sustainable fuels 373 00:12:53,279 --> 00:12:56,480 we have a long legacy in pioneering that 374 00:12:56,480 --> 00:12:57,120 space 375 00:12:57,120 --> 00:12:59,040 first commercial flight in 2008 on the 376 00:12:59,040 --> 00:13:01,440 747 we flew an f and 18 377 00:13:01,440 --> 00:13:04,000 um super hornet with uh with the united 378 00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:05,120 states navy 379 00:13:05,120 --> 00:13:06,639 which is called the green hornet on 380 00:13:06,639 --> 00:13:09,839 staff c17 which is uh present in uh 381 00:13:09,839 --> 00:13:13,360 in nato and papa hungary also flew on on 382 00:13:13,360 --> 00:13:14,399 staff so 383 00:13:14,399 --> 00:13:17,680 it's it's technically viable it's ready 384 00:13:17,680 --> 00:13:20,240 but it needs to be commercially scaled 385 00:13:20,240 --> 00:13:21,600 and then finally the fourth pillar of 386 00:13:21,600 --> 00:13:23,519 how we are decarbonizing aerospace 387 00:13:23,519 --> 00:13:25,600 is new technology whether that's through 388 00:13:25,600 --> 00:13:28,079 autonomous systems lighter materials 389 00:13:28,079 --> 00:13:30,720 more digital design so we have many 390 00:13:30,720 --> 00:13:32,399 levers at our disposal 391 00:13:32,399 --> 00:13:34,320 but transferring some of those now to 392 00:13:34,320 --> 00:13:35,920 some of our military partners is an 393 00:13:35,920 --> 00:13:38,800 exciting opportunity 394 00:13:38,800 --> 00:13:42,320 thank you um i i like to broaden the 395 00:13:42,320 --> 00:13:43,760 aperture a little bit and i'm going to 396 00:13:43,760 --> 00:13:45,440 ask kate and alexander both 397 00:13:45,440 --> 00:13:48,160 both to address this question if you 398 00:13:48,160 --> 00:13:49,199 look at the 399 00:13:49,199 --> 00:13:50,959 meetings that have taken place over the 400 00:13:50,959 --> 00:13:52,720 last week with nato 401 00:13:52,720 --> 00:13:56,079 u.s eu the g7 402 00:13:56,079 --> 00:13:57,600 i'm thinking specifically about nato's 403 00:13:57,600 --> 00:13:59,600 new strategic concept which will 404 00:13:59,600 --> 00:14:03,440 involve china and russia heavily 405 00:14:03,440 --> 00:14:06,800 they also have to be partners in in 406 00:14:06,800 --> 00:14:09,600 the the fight against uh climate change 407 00:14:09,600 --> 00:14:11,199 and the climate crisis 408 00:14:11,199 --> 00:14:13,839 so how do you have you know these these 409 00:14:13,839 --> 00:14:16,000 two strategic competitors in russia and 410 00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:19,040 china on so many other things um 411 00:14:19,040 --> 00:14:22,720 play a role uh that helps us 412 00:14:22,720 --> 00:14:26,320 go forward in a way that um you know 413 00:14:26,320 --> 00:14:28,800 combats uh climate change kate i'll ask 414 00:14:28,800 --> 00:14:30,480 you for that and then alexander i'll 415 00:14:30,480 --> 00:14:30,800 come 416 00:14:30,800 --> 00:14:32,720 back to you yeah look it's a question of 417 00:14:32,720 --> 00:14:34,480 how do you compete and cooperate at the 418 00:14:34,480 --> 00:14:36,800 same time and i can tell you it is the 419 00:14:36,800 --> 00:14:37,440 question 420 00:14:37,440 --> 00:14:40,000 in in the debate halls of dc right now 421 00:14:40,000 --> 00:14:41,600 especially when it comes to climate 422 00:14:41,600 --> 00:14:44,079 especially when it comes to china um how 423 00:14:44,079 --> 00:14:46,160 i see it and i sort of work on 424 00:14:46,160 --> 00:14:49,199 uh climate as a geopolitical issue and 425 00:14:49,199 --> 00:14:51,279 and the winners and losers and all of 426 00:14:51,279 --> 00:14:52,560 those questions 427 00:14:52,560 --> 00:14:54,959 i think increasingly we are entering a 428 00:14:54,959 --> 00:14:58,079 moment of great power competition 429 00:14:58,079 --> 00:15:00,399 you've seen this in the pacific in the 430 00:15:00,399 --> 00:15:01,279 arctic 431 00:15:01,279 --> 00:15:03,680 what i hope for is that climate change 432 00:15:03,680 --> 00:15:04,560 and action on 433 00:15:04,560 --> 00:15:06,320 on both reducing emissions but also 434 00:15:06,320 --> 00:15:07,839 hopefully action on the security 435 00:15:07,839 --> 00:15:09,440 concepts of climate change 436 00:15:09,440 --> 00:15:11,920 are just so important and of such mutual 437 00:15:11,920 --> 00:15:13,360 interest to countries 438 00:15:13,360 --> 00:15:15,199 um that the the great powers can 439 00:15:15,199 --> 00:15:16,480 cooperate on these issues 440 00:15:16,480 --> 00:15:19,279 and i see that uh very starkly between 441 00:15:19,279 --> 00:15:20,639 the u.s and china and 442 00:15:20,639 --> 00:15:22,720 and russia specifically all three of 443 00:15:22,720 --> 00:15:24,399 these countries are facing immense 444 00:15:24,399 --> 00:15:24,959 impacts 445 00:15:24,959 --> 00:15:28,639 offense immense destabilization at home 446 00:15:28,639 --> 00:15:31,040 in their neighborhoods because of of 447 00:15:31,040 --> 00:15:32,560 climate change and not just in the long 448 00:15:32,560 --> 00:15:33,519 term right this is 449 00:15:33,519 --> 00:15:35,759 the next few decades we'll see uh 450 00:15:35,759 --> 00:15:37,680 dramatic impacts in those regions that 451 00:15:37,680 --> 00:15:38,800 all countries 452 00:15:38,800 --> 00:15:40,399 especially super power countries will 453 00:15:40,399 --> 00:15:42,160 have to deal with so it is in their 454 00:15:42,160 --> 00:15:43,839 mutual interest to make sure that we're 455 00:15:43,839 --> 00:15:45,600 bending that curve of emissions 456 00:15:45,600 --> 00:15:47,600 and we're also building resilience in 457 00:15:47,600 --> 00:15:49,759 areas to to prevent some of the worst uh 458 00:15:49,759 --> 00:15:50,959 security outcomes 459 00:15:50,959 --> 00:15:53,440 so to me it's an issue where yes we 460 00:15:53,440 --> 00:15:54,160 might be 461 00:15:54,160 --> 00:15:57,199 heavily competing i speak as an american 462 00:15:57,199 --> 00:15:59,040 with our adversaries on many other 463 00:15:59,040 --> 00:15:59,839 issues 464 00:15:59,839 --> 00:16:03,199 trade and and security and and the rest 465 00:16:03,199 --> 00:16:05,519 climate can potentially be one of those 466 00:16:05,519 --> 00:16:07,040 touchstone areas where we can come 467 00:16:07,040 --> 00:16:07,440 together 468 00:16:07,440 --> 00:16:08,880 still come to the table and speak in 469 00:16:08,880 --> 00:16:10,800 mutual interests you saw this 470 00:16:10,800 --> 00:16:13,199 during the cold war right you had bitter 471 00:16:13,199 --> 00:16:14,399 adversaries 472 00:16:14,399 --> 00:16:16,560 of the us and ussr still working 473 00:16:16,560 --> 00:16:18,000 together on issues like nuclear 474 00:16:18,000 --> 00:16:19,120 nonproliferation 475 00:16:19,120 --> 00:16:20,720 and having those spaces where you can 476 00:16:20,720 --> 00:16:23,279 build trust where you can 477 00:16:23,279 --> 00:16:25,360 have scientific cooperation all the rest 478 00:16:25,360 --> 00:16:27,360 can actually be a really important 479 00:16:27,360 --> 00:16:29,120 thing for what is otherwise an 480 00:16:29,120 --> 00:16:30,959 increasingly competitive moment 481 00:16:30,959 --> 00:16:33,120 thank you alexander i'd like to turn to 482 00:16:33,120 --> 00:16:34,160 you 483 00:16:34,160 --> 00:16:35,600 if you could respond to that as well yes 484 00:16:35,600 --> 00:16:37,360 i very much agree with uh 485 00:16:37,360 --> 00:16:39,519 what kate was just saying we're all in 486 00:16:39,519 --> 00:16:40,880 this together it's 487 00:16:40,880 --> 00:16:44,320 with one uh tiny planet you fly around 488 00:16:44,320 --> 00:16:44,800 it in 489 00:16:44,800 --> 00:16:46,560 in what is it in two days you can fly 490 00:16:46,560 --> 00:16:48,399 around the planet we're all stuck here 491 00:16:48,399 --> 00:16:50,160 in in in space 492 00:16:50,160 --> 00:16:52,480 and we have to deal with this very same 493 00:16:52,480 --> 00:16:53,519 problem uh 494 00:16:53,519 --> 00:16:57,440 china will be an essential 495 00:16:57,440 --> 00:17:00,160 partner i think that's the right word in 496 00:17:00,160 --> 00:17:01,279 in solving 497 00:17:01,279 --> 00:17:04,079 uh the the climate crisis and and by the 498 00:17:04,079 --> 00:17:04,799 way we have 499 00:17:04,799 --> 00:17:06,880 quite a few other planetary crisis as 500 00:17:06,880 --> 00:17:08,480 well in in 501 00:17:08,480 --> 00:17:11,439 pollution and loss of nature etc china 502 00:17:11,439 --> 00:17:12,799 produces i believe 503 00:17:12,799 --> 00:17:17,359 uh 28 of um of of the co2 emissions in 504 00:17:17,359 --> 00:17:18,000 the world which 505 00:17:18,000 --> 00:17:21,039 is more than all the uh the the 506 00:17:21,039 --> 00:17:23,679 the classical developed nations together 507 00:17:23,679 --> 00:17:26,720 produce so we need china on board 508 00:17:26,720 --> 00:17:29,760 i think china did a huge step 509 00:17:29,760 --> 00:17:31,440 what was it about a year ago when they 510 00:17:31,440 --> 00:17:33,840 said that 511 00:17:33,840 --> 00:17:36,880 they would become they would 512 00:17:36,880 --> 00:17:41,520 reach net zero by by 2060 513 00:17:41,520 --> 00:17:43,120 after that of course everybody has been 514 00:17:43,120 --> 00:17:45,280 pushing for become a bit more concrete 515 00:17:45,280 --> 00:17:48,080 they've come forward a little bit they 516 00:17:48,080 --> 00:17:48,880 are on track 517 00:17:48,880 --> 00:17:51,280 of course not fast enough but that's the 518 00:17:51,280 --> 00:17:52,720 same that you can say for 519 00:17:52,720 --> 00:17:55,200 for the developed worlds and the g7 520 00:17:55,200 --> 00:17:56,799 countries 521 00:17:56,799 --> 00:18:00,000 historically we were the first ones 522 00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:02,240 that started polluting a country like 523 00:18:02,240 --> 00:18:03,600 united states is 524 00:18:03,600 --> 00:18:06,000 in in absolute terms of all the 525 00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:08,080 greenhouse gases that they have produced 526 00:18:08,080 --> 00:18:08,720 since 527 00:18:08,720 --> 00:18:10,880 the start of the industrial revolution 528 00:18:10,880 --> 00:18:11,919 uh the us 529 00:18:11,919 --> 00:18:14,160 is still the winner so that also gives a 530 00:18:14,160 --> 00:18:16,000 responsibility we have the means 531 00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:19,280 to adapt and we have the uh 532 00:18:19,280 --> 00:18:21,360 we carry the guilt of of having produced 533 00:18:21,360 --> 00:18:22,880 so much greenhouse gases that's 534 00:18:22,880 --> 00:18:25,360 that we should do so uh on the other 535 00:18:25,360 --> 00:18:27,600 hand if you look at this moment 536 00:18:27,600 --> 00:18:30,400 in in in the dire situation we're in of 537 00:18:30,400 --> 00:18:32,320 course we have to look at china that is 538 00:18:32,320 --> 00:18:35,360 that is producing uh so much so we need 539 00:18:35,360 --> 00:18:37,039 to work together 540 00:18:37,039 --> 00:18:38,720 think of examples like for instance 541 00:18:38,720 --> 00:18:40,480 india and pakistan since the second 542 00:18:40,480 --> 00:18:41,760 world war they fought 543 00:18:41,760 --> 00:18:45,120 three wars but in the meantime they 544 00:18:45,120 --> 00:18:47,919 have always kept cooperating on 545 00:18:47,919 --> 00:18:49,600 transboundary rivers 546 00:18:49,600 --> 00:18:51,520 there's like six main rivers that that 547 00:18:51,520 --> 00:18:53,919 go from one country to the others and 548 00:18:53,919 --> 00:18:57,120 they have been working and cooperating 549 00:18:57,120 --> 00:19:00,320 on transboundary waters even while they 550 00:19:00,320 --> 00:19:00,880 were 551 00:19:00,880 --> 00:19:04,400 um at war so um and i also like the 552 00:19:04,400 --> 00:19:07,120 the comparison that cages made with our 553 00:19:07,120 --> 00:19:08,799 relationship with the soviet union 554 00:19:08,799 --> 00:19:10,160 during the cold war 555 00:19:10,160 --> 00:19:13,280 so we need to to put 556 00:19:13,280 --> 00:19:15,600 climate change and all these planetary 557 00:19:15,600 --> 00:19:17,760 change issues that we're talking about 558 00:19:17,760 --> 00:19:21,360 in in an area where we can keep talking 559 00:19:21,360 --> 00:19:23,360 and keep working together and as a last 560 00:19:23,360 --> 00:19:24,960 comment here 561 00:19:24,960 --> 00:19:28,080 it's not only the threats which are huge 562 00:19:28,080 --> 00:19:30,080 for a country like china it's one meter 563 00:19:30,080 --> 00:19:31,120 sea level rise 564 00:19:31,120 --> 00:19:34,240 is a third of shanghai underwater 565 00:19:34,240 --> 00:19:36,160 but there's also a lot of opportunities 566 00:19:36,160 --> 00:19:38,160 especially for china because the the 567 00:19:38,160 --> 00:19:39,520 renewable 568 00:19:39,520 --> 00:19:41,919 uh energy that we want to produce we 569 00:19:41,919 --> 00:19:42,880 need 570 00:19:42,880 --> 00:19:46,080 um the the the the 571 00:19:46,080 --> 00:19:49,760 the the precious resources that uh that 572 00:19:49,760 --> 00:19:52,720 that china has so there's an opportunity 573 00:19:52,720 --> 00:19:53,919 for them as well and 574 00:19:53,919 --> 00:19:55,440 by the way everything we consume is 575 00:19:55,440 --> 00:19:57,679 nowadays producing in china so 576 00:19:57,679 --> 00:19:59,840 there's a competition but there's also a 577 00:19:59,840 --> 00:20:01,520 lot of dependencies 578 00:20:01,520 --> 00:20:04,320 uh so it it asks for really really 579 00:20:04,320 --> 00:20:04,880 skilled 580 00:20:04,880 --> 00:20:08,000 diplomacy on all sides 581 00:20:08,000 --> 00:20:10,000 thank you john annie i'd like to bring 582 00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:12,240 it to you before we get to before we get 583 00:20:12,240 --> 00:20:14,799 to slido um 584 00:20:14,799 --> 00:20:18,559 climate migration is increasingly 585 00:20:18,559 --> 00:20:22,799 a an issue but um will affect the 586 00:20:22,799 --> 00:20:25,039 national security for for many countries 587 00:20:25,039 --> 00:20:25,919 not just in 588 00:20:25,919 --> 00:20:28,640 in europe but the united states as well 589 00:20:28,640 --> 00:20:29,039 so 590 00:20:29,039 --> 00:20:30,880 how does climate migration play into 591 00:20:30,880 --> 00:20:32,640 this to this broader question 592 00:20:32,640 --> 00:20:35,200 is that something that you're looking at 593 00:20:35,200 --> 00:20:36,240 i mean how do we have these 594 00:20:36,240 --> 00:20:37,919 conversations in a way that i think 595 00:20:37,919 --> 00:20:41,039 centers humanitarianism but at the at 596 00:20:41,039 --> 00:20:41,840 the same 597 00:20:41,840 --> 00:20:44,799 time requires cooperation between 598 00:20:44,799 --> 00:20:48,240 between many countries at once 599 00:20:48,240 --> 00:20:51,280 uh thanks rachel so i think the 600 00:20:51,280 --> 00:20:52,880 first thing i'd like to stress is that 601 00:20:52,880 --> 00:20:55,760 when the the term climate migration is 602 00:20:55,760 --> 00:20:57,440 somewhat problematic because there's 603 00:20:57,440 --> 00:20:58,799 never a single reason 604 00:20:58,799 --> 00:21:02,000 that people move um it's always 605 00:21:02,000 --> 00:21:05,039 a complex mix of factors and uh climate 606 00:21:05,039 --> 00:21:06,400 might be part of it 607 00:21:06,400 --> 00:21:09,039 but um it may not be the driver a lot of 608 00:21:09,039 --> 00:21:10,799 people are displaced absolutely 609 00:21:10,799 --> 00:21:13,679 displaced by sudden shocks like um 610 00:21:13,679 --> 00:21:14,720 intense storms 611 00:21:14,720 --> 00:21:17,840 or slow onset climate impacts like you 612 00:21:17,840 --> 00:21:20,559 know ongoing bouts over multiple years 613 00:21:20,559 --> 00:21:23,919 um but this idea of 614 00:21:23,919 --> 00:21:27,039 um of the increased number of people 615 00:21:27,039 --> 00:21:27,840 that are 616 00:21:27,840 --> 00:21:29,520 having to move be it because they're 617 00:21:29,520 --> 00:21:30,880 they're displaced or they 618 00:21:30,880 --> 00:21:33,200 it's feeding in these climate stresses 619 00:21:33,200 --> 00:21:34,320 are feeding into their 620 00:21:34,320 --> 00:21:38,000 broader decisions to to migrate um 621 00:21:38,000 --> 00:21:41,200 it is part of the security they can 622 00:21:41,200 --> 00:21:44,880 human security risk landscape that we're 623 00:21:44,880 --> 00:21:46,799 looking at uh linked to climate change 624 00:21:46,799 --> 00:21:48,000 but it's not the whole 625 00:21:48,000 --> 00:21:50,480 um so i'd just like to speak about that 626 00:21:50,480 --> 00:21:52,880 in in a bit but when it comes to 627 00:21:52,880 --> 00:21:56,400 um climate mobility or like the 628 00:21:56,400 --> 00:21:59,600 climate related mobility or migration 629 00:21:59,600 --> 00:22:03,039 it's um it's a it's a narrative which is 630 00:22:03,039 --> 00:22:03,760 very 631 00:22:03,760 --> 00:22:06,159 it can it it's it's got to be handled 632 00:22:06,159 --> 00:22:07,120 really sensitively 633 00:22:07,120 --> 00:22:08,799 if you look at the numbers if you really 634 00:22:08,799 --> 00:22:11,679 look at people on the move 635 00:22:11,679 --> 00:22:13,360 most people are moving a lot of people 636 00:22:13,360 --> 00:22:15,600 are moving and most people are moving 637 00:22:15,600 --> 00:22:17,840 within countries so there really isn't 638 00:22:17,840 --> 00:22:19,039 the evidence 639 00:22:19,039 --> 00:22:22,320 that um that the media might lead us to 640 00:22:22,320 --> 00:22:24,240 believe of kind of hordes of migrants 641 00:22:24,240 --> 00:22:26,159 moving because of climate change 642 00:22:26,159 --> 00:22:29,200 from the sahel into southern europe and 643 00:22:29,200 --> 00:22:29,840 then into 644 00:22:29,840 --> 00:22:32,880 into northern europe or from um 645 00:22:32,880 --> 00:22:37,280 central america into into north america 646 00:22:37,280 --> 00:22:40,559 what we mainly see is stressed 647 00:22:40,559 --> 00:22:42,080 communities whose livelihoods 648 00:22:42,080 --> 00:22:43,840 are becoming less and less viable in the 649 00:22:43,840 --> 00:22:45,520 face of climate change 650 00:22:45,520 --> 00:22:48,159 making decisions to maybe move from 651 00:22:48,159 --> 00:22:50,240 rural communities to the urban centers 652 00:22:50,240 --> 00:22:51,840 within the same country or just cross 653 00:22:51,840 --> 00:22:52,480 the border 654 00:22:52,480 --> 00:22:55,440 within the same region so you see um the 655 00:22:55,440 --> 00:22:56,880 the exponential growth 656 00:22:56,880 --> 00:23:00,880 of um second cities or 657 00:23:00,880 --> 00:23:03,200 um all the capitals which just don't 658 00:23:03,200 --> 00:23:05,039 have in already fragile context which 659 00:23:05,039 --> 00:23:06,400 just don't have the governance 660 00:23:06,400 --> 00:23:08,480 structures and the infrastructure 661 00:23:08,480 --> 00:23:11,360 and the social safety nets to to absorb 662 00:23:11,360 --> 00:23:11,760 the 663 00:23:11,760 --> 00:23:15,520 these um these incomers so that 664 00:23:15,520 --> 00:23:18,760 is um for me the the 665 00:23:18,760 --> 00:23:21,520 climate-related uh migration risk that 666 00:23:21,520 --> 00:23:22,240 we need to be 667 00:23:22,240 --> 00:23:24,159 really focusing on because as there are 668 00:23:24,159 --> 00:23:26,000 these um 669 00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:29,919 ill-governed urban centers growing 670 00:23:29,919 --> 00:23:35,360 in places like nigeria or pakistan 671 00:23:35,520 --> 00:23:37,520 there is much more likelihood of 672 00:23:37,520 --> 00:23:38,559 instability and 673 00:23:38,559 --> 00:23:41,039 and conflict in these contexts than 674 00:23:41,039 --> 00:23:42,240 there are there is 675 00:23:42,240 --> 00:23:45,360 um with this kind of trans boundary kind 676 00:23:45,360 --> 00:23:45,840 of 677 00:23:45,840 --> 00:23:48,080 africa into europe uh latin america 678 00:23:48,080 --> 00:23:50,799 central america into uh the us 679 00:23:50,799 --> 00:23:53,520 um discourse but as i mentioned i think 680 00:23:53,520 --> 00:23:54,480 the climate 681 00:23:54,480 --> 00:23:56,480 related migration piece is only part of 682 00:23:56,480 --> 00:23:57,919 the broader uh 683 00:23:57,919 --> 00:23:59,840 landscape of risks which climate change 684 00:23:59,840 --> 00:24:02,000 is presenting um 685 00:24:02,000 --> 00:24:04,559 to human security um you might have 686 00:24:04,559 --> 00:24:05,039 heard 687 00:24:05,039 --> 00:24:07,520 climate described as a threat multiplier 688 00:24:07,520 --> 00:24:10,080 or a crisis multiplier is i think how 689 00:24:10,080 --> 00:24:12,080 jens stoltenberg described it at the 690 00:24:12,080 --> 00:24:13,919 nato summit um 691 00:24:13,919 --> 00:24:16,640 earlier in the week but what does this 692 00:24:16,640 --> 00:24:18,480 actually mean it's not just about kind 693 00:24:18,480 --> 00:24:19,600 of um 694 00:24:19,600 --> 00:24:21,360 migration and people having to move and 695 00:24:21,360 --> 00:24:22,799 the the risks um 696 00:24:22,799 --> 00:24:24,320 and potential conflict risks linked to 697 00:24:24,320 --> 00:24:25,840 this it's 698 00:24:25,840 --> 00:24:27,600 it means that climate change through a 699 00:24:27,600 --> 00:24:29,760 range of impacts from these kind of 700 00:24:29,760 --> 00:24:32,400 hydro meteorological um direct impacts 701 00:24:32,400 --> 00:24:34,799 like droughts floods more intense storms 702 00:24:34,799 --> 00:24:37,279 um having this kind of knock-on 703 00:24:37,279 --> 00:24:38,320 consequence on 704 00:24:38,320 --> 00:24:42,159 on human um well-being through 705 00:24:42,159 --> 00:24:44,960 and affecting economic development and 706 00:24:44,960 --> 00:24:46,480 reversing development gains and 707 00:24:46,480 --> 00:24:49,120 reversing peace gains 708 00:24:49,120 --> 00:24:52,159 and these risks these these risk 709 00:24:52,159 --> 00:24:54,080 pathways are incredibly complex and 710 00:24:54,080 --> 00:24:54,480 they're 711 00:24:54,480 --> 00:24:56,240 incredibly context dependent but they 712 00:24:56,240 --> 00:24:58,559 tend to always be grounded in specific 713 00:24:58,559 --> 00:25:00,320 social political and economic dynamics 714 00:25:00,320 --> 00:25:01,679 things particularly 715 00:25:01,679 --> 00:25:04,080 relating to livelihood stresses and 716 00:25:04,080 --> 00:25:05,760 pre-existing inequalities 717 00:25:05,760 --> 00:25:08,559 and different differential access to 718 00:25:08,559 --> 00:25:09,039 power 719 00:25:09,039 --> 00:25:11,039 and access to natural resources so when 720 00:25:11,039 --> 00:25:12,880 it comes to thinking about what to do 721 00:25:12,880 --> 00:25:14,240 about this i think it 722 00:25:14,240 --> 00:25:16,640 has to go beyond thinking about oh how 723 00:25:16,640 --> 00:25:17,919 many people are moving 724 00:25:17,919 --> 00:25:19,360 and how do we stop them it's about 725 00:25:19,360 --> 00:25:21,120 understanding um 726 00:25:21,120 --> 00:25:23,679 why why people are more vulnerable to 727 00:25:23,679 --> 00:25:26,159 these climate security risks is because 728 00:25:26,159 --> 00:25:27,760 they are already marginalized they're 729 00:25:27,760 --> 00:25:30,080 from a particular ethno religious group 730 00:25:30,080 --> 00:25:30,720 or they 731 00:25:30,720 --> 00:25:33,919 they are women or children or disabled 732 00:25:33,919 --> 00:25:37,039 who have um already got constraints on 733 00:25:37,039 --> 00:25:38,559 their access to natural resources which 734 00:25:38,559 --> 00:25:39,919 climate change is 735 00:25:39,919 --> 00:25:43,200 um magnifying or amplifying or they have 736 00:25:43,200 --> 00:25:44,880 livelihoods that are dependent 737 00:25:44,880 --> 00:25:47,600 on natural resources and rainfall which 738 00:25:47,600 --> 00:25:47,919 are 739 00:25:47,919 --> 00:25:49,440 becoming less and less viable in the 740 00:25:49,440 --> 00:25:52,080 face of greater climate variability 741 00:25:52,080 --> 00:25:55,279 um so i think it's important to see 742 00:25:55,279 --> 00:25:56,960 all the different pathways that play out 743 00:25:56,960 --> 00:25:58,720 in the different contexts and 744 00:25:58,720 --> 00:26:01,360 certainly climate related mobility 745 00:26:01,360 --> 00:26:03,039 displacement and migration is a piece of 746 00:26:03,039 --> 00:26:04,159 this but there are many 747 00:26:04,159 --> 00:26:07,279 many of these pathways thank you so much 748 00:26:07,279 --> 00:26:09,120 and and brian i wanted i wanted to come 749 00:26:09,120 --> 00:26:10,480 to you and 750 00:26:10,480 --> 00:26:12,640 build on something that john any said 751 00:26:12,640 --> 00:26:14,799 johnny you mentioned human security 752 00:26:14,799 --> 00:26:18,159 a few times uh in in in your in your 753 00:26:18,159 --> 00:26:18,720 comments 754 00:26:18,720 --> 00:26:21,120 and i think the paradox when it comes to 755 00:26:21,120 --> 00:26:22,640 human security is that 756 00:26:22,640 --> 00:26:24,720 for a lot of countries this this 757 00:26:24,720 --> 00:26:26,720 includes you know deployment operations 758 00:26:26,720 --> 00:26:29,200 and stability operations which then 759 00:26:29,200 --> 00:26:32,000 leave carbon footprints and and so i'm 760 00:26:32,000 --> 00:26:33,039 wondering brian 761 00:26:33,039 --> 00:26:34,640 you know when you think about how 762 00:26:34,640 --> 00:26:37,600 industry and military come together to 763 00:26:37,600 --> 00:26:38,640 reduce the carbon 764 00:26:38,640 --> 00:26:40,480 footprint of of major deployment 765 00:26:40,480 --> 00:26:42,320 operations how how are you thinking 766 00:26:42,320 --> 00:26:44,480 about that 767 00:26:44,480 --> 00:26:46,640 yeah that's a really good question i 768 00:26:46,640 --> 00:26:48,720 mean corporation with with military is 769 00:26:48,720 --> 00:26:50,559 in our dna they're a customer so 770 00:26:50,559 --> 00:26:52,080 it's our first job to listen to their 771 00:26:52,080 --> 00:26:53,840 requirements and to bring innovative 772 00:26:53,840 --> 00:26:55,200 solutions but 773 00:26:55,200 --> 00:26:56,960 um as it relates to climate i think 774 00:26:56,960 --> 00:26:59,039 alexander calls this one's a faceless 775 00:26:59,039 --> 00:27:00,000 enemy so we're gonna 776 00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:02,159 fight that enemy together and an 777 00:27:02,159 --> 00:27:03,840 industry and military's long partner 778 00:27:03,840 --> 00:27:06,159 i'm thinking since it's nato week among 779 00:27:06,159 --> 00:27:06,880 others 780 00:27:06,880 --> 00:27:09,120 i'm thinking of our nato awax program 781 00:27:09,120 --> 00:27:11,360 where 16 nations have come together 782 00:27:11,360 --> 00:27:13,440 and what nato has called one of the most 783 00:27:13,440 --> 00:27:15,039 successful collaborative 784 00:27:15,039 --> 00:27:16,720 adventures ever undertaken by the 785 00:27:16,720 --> 00:27:18,799 alliance pooling sharing 786 00:27:18,799 --> 00:27:20,880 partnering with across militaries and 787 00:27:20,880 --> 00:27:22,240 with industry 788 00:27:22,240 --> 00:27:24,640 is a well-proven concept that that works 789 00:27:24,640 --> 00:27:25,279 well 790 00:27:25,279 --> 00:27:27,039 you know the secretary general said 791 00:27:27,039 --> 00:27:29,279 earlier this week that he wants nato 792 00:27:29,279 --> 00:27:30,799 and the forces in general to be more 793 00:27:30,799 --> 00:27:32,720 capable more digital 794 00:27:32,720 --> 00:27:35,120 and more green and you think about each 795 00:27:35,120 --> 00:27:36,480 of these buckets 796 00:27:36,480 --> 00:27:39,200 um on the capabilities side at boeing 797 00:27:39,200 --> 00:27:40,080 and again 798 00:27:40,080 --> 00:27:42,320 it's it's what we do we've invested 60 799 00:27:42,320 --> 00:27:43,919 billion dollars of our own money over 800 00:27:43,919 --> 00:27:45,120 the last decade 801 00:27:45,120 --> 00:27:46,399 with innovative technologies and 802 00:27:46,399 --> 00:27:48,399 capabilities many of which 803 00:27:48,399 --> 00:27:51,600 uh directly to reduce our environmental 804 00:27:51,600 --> 00:27:52,480 footprint and 805 00:27:52,480 --> 00:27:54,159 and advance sort of the environmental 806 00:27:54,159 --> 00:27:55,679 progressive 807 00:27:55,679 --> 00:27:58,399 aspects of our products on the digital 808 00:27:58,399 --> 00:27:58,799 side 809 00:27:58,799 --> 00:28:00,240 again as i said earlier there are a lot 810 00:28:00,240 --> 00:28:02,399 of tools and capabilities that we're 811 00:28:02,399 --> 00:28:04,080 putting in the hands of our customers 812 00:28:04,080 --> 00:28:05,679 that allow them to operate more 813 00:28:05,679 --> 00:28:07,360 efficiently whether it's again in the 814 00:28:07,360 --> 00:28:07,919 air 815 00:28:07,919 --> 00:28:10,320 or on the ground in the air we have 816 00:28:10,320 --> 00:28:11,200 digital 817 00:28:11,200 --> 00:28:13,360 tools that allow flights to be more 818 00:28:13,360 --> 00:28:14,640 direct 819 00:28:14,640 --> 00:28:17,919 to anticipate weather um so so every 820 00:28:17,919 --> 00:28:20,960 every ounce of fuel burn matters and so 821 00:28:20,960 --> 00:28:22,720 these digital tools and the analytics 822 00:28:22,720 --> 00:28:23,360 behind it 823 00:28:23,360 --> 00:28:25,360 um are really important and then his 824 00:28:25,360 --> 00:28:26,960 point of being more green 825 00:28:26,960 --> 00:28:29,360 i want to get back to it i think 826 00:28:29,360 --> 00:28:30,000 renewable 827 00:28:30,000 --> 00:28:32,960 energy whether that's on the ground and 828 00:28:32,960 --> 00:28:34,080 there have been many 829 00:28:34,080 --> 00:28:36,799 smart smart defense initiatives at nato 830 00:28:36,799 --> 00:28:38,000 that have have 831 00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:40,320 piloted that or in the air with 832 00:28:40,320 --> 00:28:42,320 sustainable aviation fuels which are 50 833 00:28:42,320 --> 00:28:43,039 to 80 834 00:28:43,039 --> 00:28:46,080 lower co2 um i think are are perfect 835 00:28:46,080 --> 00:28:47,760 examples of where we can partner to 836 00:28:47,760 --> 00:28:48,640 further 837 00:28:48,640 --> 00:28:51,039 bend the curve and uh and achieve net 838 00:28:51,039 --> 00:28:52,480 zero which nato as 839 00:28:52,480 --> 00:28:54,480 kate said earlier has set out to achieve 840 00:28:54,480 --> 00:28:56,840 by the middle of the um 841 00:28:56,840 --> 00:28:59,760 century thank you so we have 842 00:28:59,760 --> 00:29:01,840 a little over 15 minutes left so i want 843 00:29:01,840 --> 00:29:03,200 to go ahead and turn to audience 844 00:29:03,200 --> 00:29:04,720 questions i'll start with slido but 845 00:29:04,720 --> 00:29:06,000 again if anyone 846 00:29:06,000 --> 00:29:07,520 has a question that they'd like to ask 847 00:29:07,520 --> 00:29:09,120 live just feel free to raise your hand 848 00:29:09,120 --> 00:29:10,240 i'll find you and you can 849 00:29:10,240 --> 00:29:12,640 um walk up to the to the microphone and 850 00:29:12,640 --> 00:29:13,679 and ask it yourself 851 00:29:13,679 --> 00:29:15,520 there's a really good question from um 852 00:29:15,520 --> 00:29:18,000 mata slovaki uh from from moody's 853 00:29:18,000 --> 00:29:21,440 who who mentioned uh how 854 00:29:21,440 --> 00:29:23,520 how is the eu going to be able to find 855 00:29:23,520 --> 00:29:24,880 balance between 856 00:29:24,880 --> 00:29:28,799 going green and ensuring production 857 00:29:28,799 --> 00:29:30,799 being competitive in the global economy 858 00:29:30,799 --> 00:29:32,960 so alexander i'd like to come to you 859 00:29:32,960 --> 00:29:35,760 for that question 860 00:29:36,480 --> 00:29:40,000 uh yeah i think the the eu is is uh is 861 00:29:40,000 --> 00:29:43,360 rapidly advancing in um oh sorry 862 00:29:43,360 --> 00:29:46,080 i have to look at the screen now would i 863 00:29:46,080 --> 00:29:46,960 lost it 864 00:29:46,960 --> 00:29:51,200 um sorry could you repeat the question 865 00:29:52,840 --> 00:29:54,159 yep 866 00:29:54,159 --> 00:29:55,840 between going green and ensuring 867 00:29:55,840 --> 00:29:58,159 production being competitive yes well 868 00:29:58,159 --> 00:30:01,440 the global economy is going to be green 869 00:30:01,440 --> 00:30:05,520 that is the future and so 870 00:30:05,520 --> 00:30:08,559 in in lagging behind now 871 00:30:08,559 --> 00:30:10,399 for for those countries that believe 872 00:30:10,399 --> 00:30:11,760 that you can continue 873 00:30:11,760 --> 00:30:15,200 with you know using coal or or having a 874 00:30:15,200 --> 00:30:15,760 fossil 875 00:30:15,760 --> 00:30:18,880 uh fuel based economy um 876 00:30:18,880 --> 00:30:21,279 it it might help you for a little bit in 877 00:30:21,279 --> 00:30:22,399 a short while 878 00:30:22,399 --> 00:30:24,240 but ultimately you have to follow the 879 00:30:24,240 --> 00:30:26,159 new trends in technology it's it's 880 00:30:26,159 --> 00:30:29,919 it's it's one of the uh one of the few 881 00:30:29,919 --> 00:30:32,399 uh things you can you can you can learn 882 00:30:32,399 --> 00:30:33,279 from history 883 00:30:33,279 --> 00:30:36,159 and also think about what brian was just 884 00:30:36,159 --> 00:30:37,200 saying about 885 00:30:37,200 --> 00:30:39,840 uh how boeing is innovating and also in 886 00:30:39,840 --> 00:30:43,360 his cooperation with the military 887 00:30:43,360 --> 00:30:46,799 the military have always been on top of 888 00:30:46,799 --> 00:30:47,919 new trends 889 00:30:47,919 --> 00:30:50,720 and for a long time those trends were 890 00:30:50,720 --> 00:30:52,799 going into the direction of more fossil 891 00:30:52,799 --> 00:30:53,360 fuels 892 00:30:53,360 --> 00:30:54,880 there used to be sailing ships with 893 00:30:54,880 --> 00:30:57,279 cannons and spanish galleons whatever 894 00:30:57,279 --> 00:31:00,240 and someday we moved into steam ships 895 00:31:00,240 --> 00:31:00,559 and 896 00:31:00,559 --> 00:31:04,320 and and into into new technology of 897 00:31:04,320 --> 00:31:06,159 using oil and ultimately even 898 00:31:06,159 --> 00:31:09,360 nuclear for for some navy ships uh 899 00:31:09,360 --> 00:31:12,240 but now the new trend is going towards 900 00:31:12,240 --> 00:31:14,080 green and you can't imagine that 901 00:31:14,080 --> 00:31:16,559 the military stays behind there so i 902 00:31:16,559 --> 00:31:17,440 think for 903 00:31:17,440 --> 00:31:21,279 uh the eu is now rapidly 904 00:31:21,279 --> 00:31:24,559 uh becoming more involved on a path uh 905 00:31:24,559 --> 00:31:27,200 towards starts becoming green the the 906 00:31:27,200 --> 00:31:29,519 quite recently the ambitions have been 907 00:31:29,519 --> 00:31:32,720 really increased from um 908 00:31:32,720 --> 00:31:36,880 from from 42 to uh to 55 percent just 909 00:31:36,880 --> 00:31:37,279 just 910 00:31:37,279 --> 00:31:40,480 just recently and i think that is 911 00:31:40,480 --> 00:31:44,720 um that is the new trend where 912 00:31:44,720 --> 00:31:46,720 where you will find the winners not just 913 00:31:46,720 --> 00:31:48,880 in in europe but but worldwide 914 00:31:48,880 --> 00:31:52,399 thanks brian did you want to add to that 915 00:31:52,399 --> 00:31:53,279 i see you not 916 00:31:53,279 --> 00:31:57,200 nodding vigorously sorry 917 00:31:57,200 --> 00:31:58,960 it's engaging alexander is i think it's 918 00:31:58,960 --> 00:32:00,720 spot on and and um 919 00:32:00,720 --> 00:32:02,880 just a couple examples come to mind uh 920 00:32:02,880 --> 00:32:04,240 one being 921 00:32:04,240 --> 00:32:06,240 again i come back to fuels because 922 00:32:06,240 --> 00:32:08,159 they're that is the carbon we're talking 923 00:32:08,159 --> 00:32:08,880 about 924 00:32:08,880 --> 00:32:11,360 and sustainable aviation fuels and the 925 00:32:11,360 --> 00:32:12,000 signal 926 00:32:12,000 --> 00:32:14,799 the mods could send or are sending in 927 00:32:14,799 --> 00:32:16,000 some cases 928 00:32:16,000 --> 00:32:18,320 um are are essential because right now 929 00:32:18,320 --> 00:32:20,240 we can't close or we haven't closed the 930 00:32:20,240 --> 00:32:21,600 price gap 931 00:32:21,600 --> 00:32:23,039 we can we can produce it we know how to 932 00:32:23,039 --> 00:32:24,720 do it and we've flown it 933 00:32:24,720 --> 00:32:26,720 all the way up to 100 boeing through a 934 00:32:26,720 --> 00:32:28,960 triple seven in 2018 on 100 935 00:32:28,960 --> 00:32:32,000 saf um the problem is that the price 936 00:32:32,000 --> 00:32:33,679 point is two to three x 937 00:32:33,679 --> 00:32:35,919 and so i think a demand signal from the 938 00:32:35,919 --> 00:32:38,080 mods as it's already happening i 939 00:32:38,080 --> 00:32:40,720 saw in the uk ministry of defense has 940 00:32:40,720 --> 00:32:42,640 suggested that 50 of their 941 00:32:42,640 --> 00:32:45,200 at their fleet will fly on 50 staff in 942 00:32:45,200 --> 00:32:46,320 the near future 943 00:32:46,320 --> 00:32:48,159 uh those are really important signals to 944 00:32:48,159 --> 00:32:49,760 the market to the producers to go 945 00:32:49,760 --> 00:32:51,200 produce this stuff 946 00:32:51,200 --> 00:32:53,600 so um and i i come back to the final 947 00:32:53,600 --> 00:32:55,120 point this this notion that they're 948 00:32:55,120 --> 00:32:55,760 really 949 00:32:55,760 --> 00:32:57,840 two sides of the same coin this notion 950 00:32:57,840 --> 00:33:00,559 that a a greener more sustainable 951 00:33:00,559 --> 00:33:02,799 uh force is somehow less capable or 952 00:33:02,799 --> 00:33:04,559 somehow less competitive i think 953 00:33:04,559 --> 00:33:07,919 is false thank you 954 00:33:07,919 --> 00:33:10,799 so i'm gonna ask a couple questions here 955 00:33:10,799 --> 00:33:12,399 and i'm going to turn both to kate and 956 00:33:12,399 --> 00:33:13,279 john any to 957 00:33:13,279 --> 00:33:15,519 to answer them the first one i'm going 958 00:33:15,519 --> 00:33:18,000 to admit ignorance because 959 00:33:18,000 --> 00:33:21,360 you guys are are better uh 960 00:33:21,360 --> 00:33:23,039 suited to to answer these climate 961 00:33:23,039 --> 00:33:24,159 questions and i but there's a really 962 00:33:24,159 --> 00:33:25,360 good question from 963 00:33:25,360 --> 00:33:28,000 lucia that says is geoengineering a 964 00:33:28,000 --> 00:33:29,279 plausible solution 965 00:33:29,279 --> 00:33:31,679 that we can possibly turn to to mitigate 966 00:33:31,679 --> 00:33:32,799 climate change 967 00:33:32,799 --> 00:33:35,200 so i'll ask that one but then also 968 00:33:35,200 --> 00:33:37,039 there's another great question on 969 00:33:37,039 --> 00:33:40,000 what are the biggest issues arising from 970 00:33:40,000 --> 00:33:41,840 uh from climate change for the defense 971 00:33:41,840 --> 00:33:42,320 sector 972 00:33:42,320 --> 00:33:44,159 specifically so kate i'll turn to you 973 00:33:44,159 --> 00:33:45,360 and then johnny i'll come to you 974 00:33:45,360 --> 00:33:46,159 afterwards 975 00:33:46,159 --> 00:33:48,960 sure all the easy ones yeah of course 976 00:33:48,960 --> 00:33:49,440 with 977 00:33:49,440 --> 00:33:51,919 geoengineering so i personally i mean 978 00:33:51,919 --> 00:33:53,840 there's a lot more research that that 979 00:33:53,840 --> 00:33:55,760 needs to be done into these technologies 980 00:33:55,760 --> 00:33:56,320 because the 981 00:33:56,320 --> 00:33:58,159 the biggest thing is there are so many 982 00:33:58,159 --> 00:34:00,080 question marks still about how 983 00:34:00,080 --> 00:34:02,640 throwing chemicals into the ocean or 984 00:34:02,640 --> 00:34:04,240 into the atmosphere have 985 00:34:04,240 --> 00:34:05,919 dramatic knock-on effects that we just 986 00:34:05,919 --> 00:34:07,440 don't understand yet that science 987 00:34:07,440 --> 00:34:10,239 hasn't hasn't really gotten its its uh 988 00:34:10,239 --> 00:34:11,440 arms around so 989 00:34:11,440 --> 00:34:13,520 uh you know that's that's not a viable 990 00:34:13,520 --> 00:34:15,119 option for now unless we want to 991 00:34:15,119 --> 00:34:15,839 potentially 992 00:34:15,839 --> 00:34:18,399 uh uh cause strange triggers in the 993 00:34:18,399 --> 00:34:20,320 climate system that we don't know about 994 00:34:20,320 --> 00:34:21,839 what i am worried about when it comes to 995 00:34:21,839 --> 00:34:23,918 geoengineering is the massive security 996 00:34:23,918 --> 00:34:25,119 threat behind it 997 00:34:25,119 --> 00:34:28,159 um that you know regardless of what it 998 00:34:28,159 --> 00:34:29,679 devastation they could do to our 999 00:34:29,679 --> 00:34:32,000 ecosystems um 1000 00:34:32,000 --> 00:34:35,040 just think about the the nature of 1001 00:34:35,040 --> 00:34:37,280 uh potential blame behind some of those 1002 00:34:37,280 --> 00:34:38,159 events 1003 00:34:38,159 --> 00:34:41,119 so the the example here is say there was 1004 00:34:41,119 --> 00:34:41,520 a 1005 00:34:41,520 --> 00:34:43,520 a huge hurricane that we knew was going 1006 00:34:43,520 --> 00:34:44,960 to strike um 1007 00:34:44,960 --> 00:34:46,960 uh norfolk our our biggest naval base in 1008 00:34:46,960 --> 00:34:48,079 the united states 1009 00:34:48,079 --> 00:34:50,480 um and we potentially had the power uh 1010 00:34:50,480 --> 00:34:52,079 to do something about that which again 1011 00:34:52,079 --> 00:34:52,399 is 1012 00:34:52,399 --> 00:34:55,440 is under doubt uh would we be able to 1013 00:34:55,440 --> 00:34:55,760 say 1014 00:34:55,760 --> 00:34:58,800 yes well we're gonna do this and and 1015 00:34:58,800 --> 00:35:01,520 change the path of this hurricane if it 1016 00:35:01,520 --> 00:35:02,000 had 1017 00:35:02,000 --> 00:35:03,839 knock-on effects down the road that we 1018 00:35:03,839 --> 00:35:05,680 didn't understand and we didn't know 1019 00:35:05,680 --> 00:35:08,880 and the security problem there is as 1020 00:35:08,880 --> 00:35:10,560 soon as that genie is out of the bottle 1021 00:35:10,560 --> 00:35:12,240 you can always blame all the united 1022 00:35:12,240 --> 00:35:14,320 states to that right the united states 1023 00:35:14,320 --> 00:35:17,119 uh was involved in that that that led to 1024 00:35:17,119 --> 00:35:18,640 the drought that we had in mexico 1025 00:35:18,640 --> 00:35:20,079 months later we don't know that that's 1026 00:35:20,079 --> 00:35:21,680 the case um but 1027 00:35:21,680 --> 00:35:24,480 a country can always sort of change and 1028 00:35:24,480 --> 00:35:26,240 point the finger and have that blame 1029 00:35:26,240 --> 00:35:28,240 right and we see this already 1030 00:35:28,240 --> 00:35:31,440 um unfortunately with climate uh 1031 00:35:31,440 --> 00:35:33,599 effects in places in the middle east and 1032 00:35:33,599 --> 00:35:34,480 in africa 1033 00:35:34,480 --> 00:35:35,760 groups on the ground are taking 1034 00:35:35,760 --> 00:35:37,520 advantage of that climate change for 1035 00:35:37,520 --> 00:35:38,720 their security 1036 00:35:38,720 --> 00:35:41,200 um their security consequences right so 1037 00:35:41,200 --> 00:35:42,960 uh there's great reporting 1038 00:35:42,960 --> 00:35:45,839 out of iraq where isis has used climate 1039 00:35:45,839 --> 00:35:47,520 change as a recruitment tool 1040 00:35:47,520 --> 00:35:49,680 for its ranks right saying look at 1041 00:35:49,680 --> 00:35:51,440 what's happening that's the west 1042 00:35:51,440 --> 00:35:53,280 uh they're to blame for this come and 1043 00:35:53,280 --> 00:35:54,480 join us um 1044 00:35:54,480 --> 00:35:56,320 and and we'll fight back back against 1045 00:35:56,320 --> 00:35:57,599 the people that cause drought in your 1046 00:35:57,599 --> 00:35:58,160 home 1047 00:35:58,160 --> 00:36:00,079 geoengineering to me is that same sort 1048 00:36:00,079 --> 00:36:01,200 of blame game 1049 00:36:01,200 --> 00:36:03,200 where it can be a tool of of 1050 00:36:03,200 --> 00:36:05,680 ethnonationalism and a tool of 1051 00:36:05,680 --> 00:36:08,160 uh sort of increasing tensions between 1052 00:36:08,160 --> 00:36:09,200 countries 1053 00:36:09,200 --> 00:36:12,079 um that to me is uh one of the biggest 1054 00:36:12,079 --> 00:36:13,599 impacts for the defense sector i mean 1055 00:36:13,599 --> 00:36:14,400 you can look at it 1056 00:36:14,400 --> 00:36:16,320 across three different metrics the 1057 00:36:16,320 --> 00:36:18,240 impacts on security environments 1058 00:36:18,240 --> 00:36:20,320 the impacts on security infrastructure 1059 00:36:20,320 --> 00:36:22,000 and the impacts on our security 1060 00:36:22,000 --> 00:36:23,680 institutions as well right 1061 00:36:23,680 --> 00:36:25,760 so you'll have those direct and and 1062 00:36:25,760 --> 00:36:27,520 second and third order consequences on 1063 00:36:27,520 --> 00:36:29,440 the environment that you're operating in 1064 00:36:29,440 --> 00:36:31,760 you'll have increasingly uh devastating 1065 00:36:31,760 --> 00:36:33,359 impacts on your infrastructure think 1066 00:36:33,359 --> 00:36:35,280 about permafrost thought and the arctic 1067 00:36:35,280 --> 00:36:35,839 and 1068 00:36:35,839 --> 00:36:38,400 and the devastating sort of melting that 1069 00:36:38,400 --> 00:36:40,640 that does to often nuclear installations 1070 00:36:40,640 --> 00:36:41,680 in that region 1071 00:36:41,680 --> 00:36:44,240 but also our institutions right can nato 1072 00:36:44,240 --> 00:36:45,599 withstand 1073 00:36:45,599 --> 00:36:49,520 the intense more intense more frequent 1074 00:36:49,520 --> 00:36:51,040 shocks that are going to be happening in 1075 00:36:51,040 --> 00:36:52,320 its region of the world 1076 00:36:52,320 --> 00:36:54,320 are institutions strong enough to sort 1077 00:36:54,320 --> 00:36:56,000 of stick together and cooperate as we 1078 00:36:56,000 --> 00:36:57,520 talked about in that reality 1079 00:36:57,520 --> 00:36:59,839 i think that's an open question um are 1080 00:36:59,839 --> 00:37:01,040 our alliances 1081 00:37:01,040 --> 00:37:03,280 are our global institutions the u.n 1082 00:37:03,280 --> 00:37:05,040 security council are these bodies fit 1083 00:37:05,040 --> 00:37:07,040 for purpose to deal with these 1084 00:37:07,040 --> 00:37:09,599 coming trends in these coming threats um 1085 00:37:09,599 --> 00:37:10,880 to me that's maybe the 1086 00:37:10,880 --> 00:37:13,040 the most worrying aspect of of defense 1087 00:37:13,040 --> 00:37:14,000 implications 1088 00:37:14,000 --> 00:37:16,079 thank you johnny i'm going to turn to 1089 00:37:16,079 --> 00:37:18,079 you 1090 00:37:18,079 --> 00:37:21,119 thanks rachel yeah um i think i share 1091 00:37:21,119 --> 00:37:22,079 kate's uh 1092 00:37:22,079 --> 00:37:24,240 concerns and fears about geoengineering 1093 00:37:24,240 --> 00:37:25,119 i 1094 00:37:25,119 --> 00:37:28,400 i think however whatever we 1095 00:37:28,400 --> 00:37:30,960 feel kind of morally and ethically about 1096 00:37:30,960 --> 00:37:33,280 the risks and the uncertainties 1097 00:37:33,280 --> 00:37:36,400 um that it holds it is going ahead 1098 00:37:36,400 --> 00:37:39,359 because there's no control either within 1099 00:37:39,359 --> 00:37:41,119 um in the private sector 1100 00:37:41,119 --> 00:37:43,200 there is a lot of um r d around this 1101 00:37:43,200 --> 00:37:44,720 there's a lot of investments 1102 00:37:44,720 --> 00:37:48,000 um and also in in kind of non-aligned 1103 00:37:48,000 --> 00:37:49,359 countries who might just be advancing 1104 00:37:49,359 --> 00:37:50,079 this and even in 1105 00:37:50,079 --> 00:37:53,680 in within the allied allies um nato 1106 00:37:53,680 --> 00:37:54,640 allies are also 1107 00:37:54,640 --> 00:37:58,720 advancing some um um 1108 00:37:58,720 --> 00:38:00,640 avenues of research into this but i 1109 00:38:00,640 --> 00:38:01,920 think the really 1110 00:38:01,920 --> 00:38:04,000 critical thing is accepting that it is 1111 00:38:04,000 --> 00:38:05,839 happening and it is going to happen 1112 00:38:05,839 --> 00:38:08,400 and that there needs to be um some form 1113 00:38:08,400 --> 00:38:10,560 of global governance in this it it needs 1114 00:38:10,560 --> 00:38:11,520 to be 1115 00:38:11,520 --> 00:38:13,839 regulated because we can't stop it we 1116 00:38:13,839 --> 00:38:15,520 can't stop it we can we can 1117 00:38:15,520 --> 00:38:17,119 hope that it's not going to advance too 1118 00:38:17,119 --> 00:38:19,760 much but pragmatically 1119 00:38:19,760 --> 00:38:21,520 this does need geo engineering does need 1120 00:38:21,520 --> 00:38:22,880 to have 1121 00:38:22,880 --> 00:38:24,560 some regulations within some kind of a 1122 00:38:24,560 --> 00:38:26,079 global governance framework do we have 1123 00:38:26,079 --> 00:38:27,359 the multilateral 1124 00:38:27,359 --> 00:38:30,480 institution ready um in place do we have 1125 00:38:30,480 --> 00:38:31,680 the international 1126 00:38:31,680 --> 00:38:34,240 legal frameworks in place no um so i 1127 00:38:34,240 --> 00:38:35,520 think this is something that we really 1128 00:38:35,520 --> 00:38:36,880 need to be thinking about i mean there 1129 00:38:36,880 --> 00:38:39,040 are efforts around this um the carnegie 1130 00:38:39,040 --> 00:38:40,560 foundation is doing some great work 1131 00:38:40,560 --> 00:38:44,480 here um and i think um 1132 00:38:44,480 --> 00:38:45,920 i think this global governance framework 1133 00:38:45,920 --> 00:38:47,920 for geoengineering is is critical just 1134 00:38:47,920 --> 00:38:48,880 to 1135 00:38:48,880 --> 00:38:50,880 you know ensure that when it does happen 1136 00:38:50,880 --> 00:38:53,119 and whatever forms it's taking there are 1137 00:38:53,119 --> 00:38:53,599 some 1138 00:38:53,599 --> 00:38:57,359 um rules and some restitution measures 1139 00:38:57,359 --> 00:38:59,040 for the kind of the blame and the the 1140 00:38:59,040 --> 00:39:00,720 consequences that kate touched on 1141 00:39:00,720 --> 00:39:03,680 um in her response and in terms of the 1142 00:39:03,680 --> 00:39:05,520 the challenge for 1143 00:39:05,520 --> 00:39:08,800 uh for the the defense community i think 1144 00:39:08,800 --> 00:39:11,440 the the tripar site kind of system that 1145 00:39:11,440 --> 00:39:12,800 kate set out 1146 00:39:12,800 --> 00:39:15,359 uh is is a really helpful way of 1147 00:39:15,359 --> 00:39:16,960 thinking about this how the 1148 00:39:16,960 --> 00:39:19,280 the defense communities got to be ready 1149 00:39:19,280 --> 00:39:21,200 and i think there's a lot of 1150 00:39:21,200 --> 00:39:23,440 um thinking going into mission readiness 1151 00:39:23,440 --> 00:39:24,960 there's al and you know 1152 00:39:24,960 --> 00:39:28,160 changing the way that um military assets 1153 00:39:28,160 --> 00:39:28,960 are 1154 00:39:28,960 --> 00:39:32,079 are being uh planned for the future 1155 00:39:32,079 --> 00:39:35,359 um there's also 1156 00:39:35,359 --> 00:39:38,160 thinking around kind of um the 1157 00:39:38,160 --> 00:39:40,400 challenges around 1158 00:39:40,400 --> 00:39:42,480 needing to do more kind of disaster 1159 00:39:42,480 --> 00:39:43,599 response 1160 00:39:43,599 --> 00:39:46,160 more civilian protection work in places 1161 00:39:46,160 --> 00:39:47,359 like the pacific and 1162 00:39:47,359 --> 00:39:50,800 places that we know are already um 1163 00:39:50,800 --> 00:39:52,720 facing much more intense and frequent 1164 00:39:52,720 --> 00:39:54,240 climate impacts and then 1165 00:39:54,240 --> 00:39:56,400 the security community is having to step 1166 00:39:56,400 --> 00:39:58,000 up as first responders 1167 00:39:58,000 --> 00:40:00,240 where i think there is a gap is uh that 1168 00:40:00,240 --> 00:40:02,560 the security sector needs to be better 1169 00:40:02,560 --> 00:40:05,200 able to also deal with these these new 1170 00:40:05,200 --> 00:40:07,119 uh climate security risks 1171 00:40:07,119 --> 00:40:09,760 that are being created or the climate 1172 00:40:09,760 --> 00:40:10,960 security 1173 00:40:10,960 --> 00:40:12,800 implications which are compounding 1174 00:40:12,800 --> 00:40:14,160 existing conflicts 1175 00:40:14,160 --> 00:40:15,920 uh kate mentioned iraq that's a great 1176 00:40:15,920 --> 00:40:17,839 example another example is the lake chad 1177 00:40:17,839 --> 00:40:18,319 region 1178 00:40:18,319 --> 00:40:21,520 of um of the sahel where you look at 1179 00:40:21,520 --> 00:40:24,319 existing military operations 1180 00:40:24,319 --> 00:40:26,560 and you see that they are entirely 1181 00:40:26,560 --> 00:40:28,079 climate blind and they're actually doing 1182 00:40:28,079 --> 00:40:29,440 more harm and we've got some really 1183 00:40:29,440 --> 00:40:30,960 compelling evidence i was 1184 00:40:30,960 --> 00:40:33,200 lucky enough to be able to do some field 1185 00:40:33,200 --> 00:40:34,640 work there when we heard from members of 1186 00:40:34,640 --> 00:40:35,920 armed groups and 1187 00:40:35,920 --> 00:40:38,400 um kind of ex-members of armed groups 1188 00:40:38,400 --> 00:40:40,160 like boko haram and islamic state west 1189 00:40:40,160 --> 00:40:41,839 africa saying that the reason that they 1190 00:40:41,839 --> 00:40:42,480 joined 1191 00:40:42,480 --> 00:40:45,119 wasn't to do with any ideological um 1192 00:40:45,119 --> 00:40:47,359 affiliate affinity it was because of the 1193 00:40:47,359 --> 00:40:49,520 security strategies 1194 00:40:49,520 --> 00:40:52,319 of international um stabilization 1195 00:40:52,319 --> 00:40:52,960 efforts 1196 00:40:52,960 --> 00:40:55,040 and counter-terror efforts that were 1197 00:40:55,040 --> 00:40:56,480 undermining their 1198 00:40:56,480 --> 00:40:59,040 livelihoods so kind of um international 1199 00:40:59,040 --> 00:41:00,880 troops coming in with things like slash 1200 00:41:00,880 --> 00:41:02,800 and burn strategies to literally smoke 1201 00:41:02,800 --> 00:41:04,079 out insurgents 1202 00:41:04,079 --> 00:41:06,720 um but then by doing so degrading 1203 00:41:06,720 --> 00:41:08,240 already drought affected 1204 00:41:08,240 --> 00:41:11,359 arid land and soil that are what the the 1205 00:41:11,359 --> 00:41:13,599 this a very agrarian community needs 1206 00:41:13,599 --> 00:41:15,920 to sustain its livelihood these kind of 1207 00:41:15,920 --> 00:41:16,880 operations 1208 00:41:16,880 --> 00:41:20,000 these strategies uh were then 1209 00:41:20,000 --> 00:41:21,680 really locking people into this kind of 1210 00:41:21,680 --> 00:41:23,280 climate security cycle 1211 00:41:23,280 --> 00:41:25,520 um of of conflict because there was just 1212 00:41:25,520 --> 00:41:26,960 no way out then if your livelihood's 1213 00:41:26,960 --> 00:41:27,440 been 1214 00:41:27,440 --> 00:41:30,160 eroded now for the next decade they had 1215 00:41:30,160 --> 00:41:32,720 no choice but to join armed groups um 1216 00:41:32,720 --> 00:41:35,280 and also we're just so angry at such um 1217 00:41:35,280 --> 00:41:36,880 such blindness so i think this 1218 00:41:36,880 --> 00:41:38,880 there's a real need to climate-proof 1219 00:41:38,880 --> 00:41:41,040 security strategies and stabilization 1220 00:41:41,040 --> 00:41:42,880 strategies and peacekeeping and i think 1221 00:41:42,880 --> 00:41:44,400 that's a real knowledge gap that needs 1222 00:41:44,400 --> 00:41:45,119 to be 1223 00:41:45,119 --> 00:41:48,160 um filled by the security community 1224 00:41:48,160 --> 00:41:50,240 thank you okay so we have about four 1225 00:41:50,240 --> 00:41:52,240 minutes left so i'm gonna go 1226 00:41:52,240 --> 00:41:54,640 around the horn and everyone has about a 1227 00:41:54,640 --> 00:41:55,520 minute 1228 00:41:55,520 --> 00:41:57,599 we have talked about when it comes to 1229 00:41:57,599 --> 00:41:59,440 climate and and the intersection 1230 00:41:59,440 --> 00:42:01,119 of climate and security we've talked 1231 00:42:01,119 --> 00:42:02,880 about multinational institutions the 1232 00:42:02,880 --> 00:42:04,640 private sector 1233 00:42:04,640 --> 00:42:07,119 global partnerships what did we miss 1234 00:42:07,119 --> 00:42:08,720 what is it that the audience should know 1235 00:42:08,720 --> 00:42:10,240 what should we be thinking about that we 1236 00:42:10,240 --> 00:42:10,880 didn't 1237 00:42:10,880 --> 00:42:14,160 discuss today uh alexander brian 1238 00:42:14,160 --> 00:42:15,760 johnny and then i'll close with kate 1239 00:42:15,760 --> 00:42:18,560 alexander do you 1240 00:42:18,560 --> 00:42:22,240 i think the key message should be that 1241 00:42:22,240 --> 00:42:25,680 we can solve climate change we know how 1242 00:42:25,680 --> 00:42:26,400 to do it 1243 00:42:26,400 --> 00:42:28,839 we have the knowledge we have the 1244 00:42:28,839 --> 00:42:30,400 technology we 1245 00:42:30,400 --> 00:42:32,880 even have the money it is less expensive 1246 00:42:32,880 --> 00:42:33,760 to do it now 1247 00:42:33,760 --> 00:42:36,960 than to wait and we know exactly how to 1248 00:42:36,960 --> 00:42:37,599 do it 1249 00:42:37,599 --> 00:42:40,160 and a huge part of that is following 1250 00:42:40,160 --> 00:42:42,000 everything that we have promised to each 1251 00:42:42,000 --> 00:42:44,240 other to do in in 2015 1252 00:42:44,240 --> 00:42:47,520 in in the agenda 2030 and 1253 00:42:47,520 --> 00:42:49,440 we can't do it the only thing that is 1254 00:42:49,440 --> 00:42:50,800 lacking 1255 00:42:50,800 --> 00:42:53,920 is leadership and political will 1256 00:42:53,920 --> 00:42:57,119 and good international cooperation i'm 1257 00:42:57,119 --> 00:42:58,079 hopeful for this 1258 00:42:58,079 --> 00:43:01,200 year that after four dreadful years 1259 00:43:01,200 --> 00:43:02,720 where the biggest leader in the world 1260 00:43:02,720 --> 00:43:03,119 was 1261 00:43:03,119 --> 00:43:05,119 not leading and only creating 1262 00:43:05,119 --> 00:43:06,720 devastating policies 1263 00:43:06,720 --> 00:43:09,520 that now that the us is back in the game 1264 00:43:09,520 --> 00:43:09,839 and 1265 00:43:09,839 --> 00:43:11,920 is leading that we have a chance because 1266 00:43:11,920 --> 00:43:12,960 if the us 1267 00:43:12,960 --> 00:43:15,839 is not there nothing happens if the u.s 1268 00:43:15,839 --> 00:43:16,319 is there 1269 00:43:16,319 --> 00:43:19,520 something can happen uh but is it 1270 00:43:19,520 --> 00:43:22,319 is it enough that we see no it isn't uh 1271 00:43:22,319 --> 00:43:23,440 leading up to cop 1272 00:43:23,440 --> 00:43:26,480 26 it is so important that this year 1273 00:43:26,480 --> 00:43:29,280 becomes something like the second half 1274 00:43:29,280 --> 00:43:31,280 of 2015 where there's hope 1275 00:43:31,280 --> 00:43:33,440 where we set the right policies and 1276 00:43:33,440 --> 00:43:34,560 where we go forward 1277 00:43:34,560 --> 00:43:36,560 because it is doable that's my one 1278 00:43:36,560 --> 00:43:37,680 minute i hope 1279 00:43:37,680 --> 00:43:41,359 thank you brian yeah look i thought was 1280 00:43:41,359 --> 00:43:42,880 a really good discussion um the one 1281 00:43:42,880 --> 00:43:44,640 thing that jumps to mind is target 1282 00:43:44,640 --> 00:43:45,440 setting 1283 00:43:45,440 --> 00:43:47,200 um i think the secretary general talked 1284 00:43:47,200 --> 00:43:49,200 about um sort of realistic 1285 00:43:49,200 --> 00:43:52,480 ambitious and concrete targets you know 1286 00:43:52,480 --> 00:43:55,280 at boeing we we hit net zero for our own 1287 00:43:55,280 --> 00:43:57,200 operations inside of our four walls last 1288 00:43:57,200 --> 00:43:58,079 year 1289 00:43:58,079 --> 00:43:59,599 and um you can do that when you know 1290 00:43:59,599 --> 00:44:01,760 what you're netting against and um so i 1291 00:44:01,760 --> 00:44:02,480 think 1292 00:44:02,480 --> 00:44:03,680 um whether it's with the u.s 1293 00:44:03,680 --> 00:44:05,760 administration or or indeed 1294 00:44:05,760 --> 00:44:08,400 at nato setting some targets out and 1295 00:44:08,400 --> 00:44:09,839 then being able to measure against those 1296 00:44:09,839 --> 00:44:10,720 it's an important 1297 00:44:10,720 --> 00:44:13,119 um opportunity and where industry can 1298 00:44:13,119 --> 00:44:14,000 help in that 1299 00:44:14,000 --> 00:44:16,160 we've been on a journey for some time 1300 00:44:16,160 --> 00:44:17,920 and and burning down 1301 00:44:17,920 --> 00:44:19,760 and decarbonizing our operations and our 1302 00:44:19,760 --> 00:44:21,440 and our footprint 1303 00:44:21,440 --> 00:44:23,359 so i think that would be one point thank 1304 00:44:23,359 --> 00:44:25,680 you jenna knee over to you but you got 1305 00:44:25,680 --> 00:44:26,880 about 30 seconds 1306 00:44:26,880 --> 00:44:28,160 and then i'll close the camera goodness 1307 00:44:28,160 --> 00:44:30,720 okay um well i think a lot of the 1308 00:44:30,720 --> 00:44:32,480 conversation we've had it focuses on 1309 00:44:32,480 --> 00:44:35,200 mitigation on reducing emissions i think 1310 00:44:35,200 --> 00:44:37,280 we also need to give equal space to 1311 00:44:37,280 --> 00:44:39,119 adaptations the need to adapt to the 1312 00:44:39,119 --> 00:44:41,440 climate risks already at play i think 1313 00:44:41,440 --> 00:44:43,520 oftentimes people get fixated on 1314 00:44:43,520 --> 00:44:45,440 technical responses to these climate 1315 00:44:45,440 --> 00:44:46,240 risks 1316 00:44:46,240 --> 00:44:49,440 um and i'd say a real priority uh 1317 00:44:49,440 --> 00:44:50,880 within the frame of this kind of need to 1318 00:44:50,880 --> 00:44:52,560 look at also adaptation is 1319 00:44:52,560 --> 00:44:55,359 um looking at what drives climate 1320 00:44:55,359 --> 00:44:57,040 security risks um 1321 00:44:57,040 --> 00:44:58,880 and so programming responses need to 1322 00:44:58,880 --> 00:45:01,040 focus also on things these kind of 1323 00:45:01,040 --> 00:45:02,640 soft and maybe you know i'm very aware 1324 00:45:02,640 --> 00:45:05,040 of being the uh the civil society voice 1325 00:45:05,040 --> 00:45:06,400 in this uh security 1326 00:45:06,400 --> 00:45:09,119 uh conference but um people-centered 1327 00:45:09,119 --> 00:45:10,560 issues things like bolstering social 1328 00:45:10,560 --> 00:45:12,480 cohesion building trust between state 1329 00:45:12,480 --> 00:45:13,280 and people 1330 00:45:13,280 --> 00:45:15,280 and redressing inequalities now these 1331 00:45:15,280 --> 00:45:16,319 aren't kind of big 1332 00:45:16,319 --> 00:45:19,280 um military uh approaches but i think 1333 00:45:19,280 --> 00:45:20,480 these these are the factors that 1334 00:45:20,480 --> 00:45:21,680 underlie vulnerability the 1335 00:45:21,680 --> 00:45:23,599 marginalization of women and group 1336 00:45:23,599 --> 00:45:25,599 youth for example and this is what makes 1337 00:45:25,599 --> 00:45:27,040 them vulnerable to climate and conflict 1338 00:45:27,040 --> 00:45:28,880 risks and so this also needs to be part 1339 00:45:28,880 --> 00:45:29,359 of 1340 00:45:29,359 --> 00:45:30,640 what we're thinking about in terms of 1341 00:45:30,640 --> 00:45:33,200 future engagement thank you 1342 00:45:33,200 --> 00:45:34,960 okay if i could take us home yeah well 1343 00:45:34,960 --> 00:45:36,880 underscore all of all of what was just 1344 00:45:36,880 --> 00:45:38,720 said from each angle i mean the way i 1345 00:45:38,720 --> 00:45:39,280 see this 1346 00:45:39,280 --> 00:45:41,839 is this is now a central defense and 1347 00:45:41,839 --> 00:45:42,880 security issue 1348 00:45:42,880 --> 00:45:44,960 it's not a side environment issue 1349 00:45:44,960 --> 00:45:46,400 anymore this is 1350 00:45:46,400 --> 00:45:48,800 the stuff of strategic competition of 1351 00:45:48,800 --> 00:45:49,599 the future 1352 00:45:49,599 --> 00:45:52,079 between all of our nations so it's not 1353 00:45:52,079 --> 00:45:52,720 something that 1354 00:45:52,720 --> 00:45:55,440 that we can just uh forget about or keep 1355 00:45:55,440 --> 00:45:56,640 to the environment ministries 1356 00:45:56,640 --> 00:45:58,720 anymore it's stuff that our defense 1357 00:45:58,720 --> 00:46:00,319 ministries need to understand 1358 00:46:00,319 --> 00:46:02,400 the problem is is we often don't have 1359 00:46:02,400 --> 00:46:03,599 the talent in 1360 00:46:03,599 --> 00:46:06,880 our mods in our senior 1361 00:46:06,880 --> 00:46:09,920 political uh diplomats to understand 1362 00:46:09,920 --> 00:46:10,720 these problems 1363 00:46:10,720 --> 00:46:13,200 so i i guess i challenge all of you to 1364 00:46:13,200 --> 00:46:14,000 to 1365 00:46:14,000 --> 00:46:15,680 think really seriously about the the 1366 00:46:15,680 --> 00:46:17,119 training and education that needs to 1367 00:46:17,119 --> 00:46:19,200 happen in in your security sectors 1368 00:46:19,200 --> 00:46:21,040 to understand these problems you know 1369 00:46:21,040 --> 00:46:23,359 climate change is a messy complicated 1370 00:46:23,359 --> 00:46:24,000 issue it 1371 00:46:24,000 --> 00:46:25,520 involves a lot of science it involves a 1372 00:46:25,520 --> 00:46:28,240 lot of modeling are your uh 1373 00:46:28,240 --> 00:46:30,079 forces understanding what to do in those 1374 00:46:30,079 --> 00:46:31,839 situations do they know sort of how to 1375 00:46:31,839 --> 00:46:33,359 climate-proof their operations how to 1376 00:46:33,359 --> 00:46:34,400 build resilience 1377 00:46:34,400 --> 00:46:35,920 um it's going to take investment and 1378 00:46:35,920 --> 00:46:37,599 it's going to take retraining 1379 00:46:37,599 --> 00:46:39,280 and i i would be remiss if i didn't 1380 00:46:39,280 --> 00:46:40,880 mention so our 1381 00:46:40,880 --> 00:46:42,880 world climate and security report came 1382 00:46:42,880 --> 00:46:45,920 out last week uh for the nato summit and 1383 00:46:45,920 --> 00:46:47,920 and offer solutions of these types you 1384 00:46:47,920 --> 00:46:50,000 know how should ministry of defense be 1385 00:46:50,000 --> 00:46:51,520 planning and strategizing around these 1386 00:46:51,520 --> 00:46:52,319 issues so 1387 00:46:52,319 --> 00:46:54,079 you can go look that up uh the world 1388 00:46:54,079 --> 00:46:56,319 climate and security report 2021 1389 00:46:56,319 --> 00:46:58,560 for a first taste of of what you should 1390 00:46:58,560 --> 00:46:59,680 be doing and how you should be 1391 00:46:59,680 --> 00:47:01,760 restructuring your security operations 1392 00:47:01,760 --> 00:47:03,599 perfect well that was a wonderful note 1393 00:47:03,599 --> 00:47:05,359 to end on thank you to everyone thank 1394 00:47:05,359 --> 00:47:06,880 you to our panelists 1395 00:47:06,880 --> 00:47:08,880 we're going to continue in this room at 1396 00:47:08,880 --> 00:47:10,720 2 20 with a session on 1397 00:47:10,720 --> 00:47:12,800 political extremism goes virtual and 1398 00:47:12,800 --> 00:47:14,480 international but right now 1399 00:47:14,480 --> 00:47:16,800 i will be streaming maria tracia stage 1400 00:47:16,800 --> 00:47:18,720 with a globe sec talk from radislav 1401 00:47:18,720 --> 00:47:19,520 danilok 1402 00:47:19,520 --> 00:47:21,760 and a session growing the digital 1403 00:47:21,760 --> 00:47:23,280 economy in cee 1404 00:47:23,280 --> 00:47:25,680 with ministers from slovakia estonia and 1405 00:47:25,680 --> 00:47:27,599 slovenia so thank you globesec thank you 1406 00:47:27,599 --> 00:47:28,880 to our panelists 1407 00:47:28,880 --> 00:47:32,160 and have a wonderful rest of the day 1408 00:47:32,160 --> 00:47:39,839 thank you rachel thank you 1409 00:47:40,800 --> 00:47:42,880 you